Anti-candida and anti-leishmanial activities of encapsulated cinnamomum verum essential oil.

Anti-Candida and Anti-Leishmanial Activities of EncapsulatedEssential Oil in Chitosan Nanoparticles.

Rym Essid, Amel Ayed, Kais Djebali, H Ben Saad, Mondher Srasra, Yasmine Othmani, Nagui H Fares, Selim Jallouli, Islem Abid, Monerah Rashed Alothman, Ferid Limam, Olfa Tabbene

Molecules

Jul 26, 2023

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Abstract

Nanoencapsulation is widely considered as a highly effective strategy to enhance essential oils' (EO) stability by protecting them from oxidative deterioration and evaporation. The present study aims to optimize and characterize an efficient technique for encapsulatingessential oil into chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, the optimizedEO nanoparticle was investigated for its antibacterial (against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria), antifungal (against), and antiparasitic activity (againstparasites). Five parameters were investigated using a Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken statistical design: the chitosan molecular weight, TPP concentration,EO/chitosan ratio, mixing method, and the duration of the reaction. Encapsulation efficiency and anti-candida activity were considered as responses. The antibacterial, anticandidal, and anti-leishmanial activities were also assessed using a standard micro-broth dilution assay and the cytotoxicity assay was assessed against the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The optimized nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy. The study results indicated that under optimal conditions, the nanoencapsulation ofEO into chitosan nanoparticles resulted in an encapsulation efficiency of 92.58%, with a regular distribution, a nanoparticle size of 480±14.55 nm, and a favorable Zeta potential of 35.64±1.37 mV. The optimizedEO/chitosan nanoparticles showed strong antifungal activity againstpathogens (CMI = 125µg mL), notable antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (ranging from 125 to 250µg mL), high leishmanicidal potential against the promastigotes form ofand(IC50 = 10.47 and 15.09µg mL, respectively), and a four-fold cytotoxicity reduction compared to non-encapsulated essential oil. These results suggest thatEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles could be a promising delivery system for the treatment of cutaneousinfections.