Cannabinoids as antibacterial agents: A systematic and critical review of in vitro efficacy against Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.

Cannabinoids as Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic and Critical Review of In Vitro Efficacy Againstand.

Dhakshila Niyangoda, Max T Aung, Mallique Qader, Wubshet Tesfaye, Mary Bushell, Fabian Chiong, Danny Tsai, Dilshad Ahmad, Indira Samarawickrema, Mahipal Sinnollareddy, Jeffrey Thomas

Antibiotics (Basel)

Oct 30, 2024

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Two major bacterial pathogens,and, are becoming increasingly antibiotic-resistant. Despite the urgency, only a few new antibiotics have been approved to address these infections. Although cannabinoids have been noted for their antibacterial properties, a comprehensive review of their effects on these bacteria has been lacking. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review examines the antibacterial activity of cannabinoids against, including methicillin-resistant(MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant(VRSA) strains, and. METHODS: Databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS, were searched. Of 3510 records, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of cannabinoids. RESULTS: Cannabidiol (CBD) emerged as the most effective cannabinoid, with MICs ranging from 0.65 to 32 mg/L against, 0.5 to 4 mg/L for MRSA, and 1 to 2 mg/L for VRSA. Other cannabinoids, such as cannabichromene, cannabigerol (CBG), and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), also exhibited significant antistaphylococcal activity. CBD, CBG, andΔ9-THC also showed efficacy against, with MICs between 0.6 and 50 mg/L. Synergistic effects were observed when CBD and essential oils fromwhen combined with other antibacterial agents. CONCLUSION: Cannabinoids' antibacterial potency is closely linked to their structure-activity relationships, with features like the monoterpene region, aromatic alkyl side chain, and aromatic carboxylic groups enhancing efficacy, particularly in CBD and its cyclic forms. These results highlight the potential of cannabinoids in developing therapies for resistant strains, though further research is needed to confirm their clinical effectiveness.