Microextraction approaches for bioanalytical applications: An overview.
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Abstract
Biological samples are usually complex matrices due to the presence of proteins, salts and a variety of organic compounds with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes. Therefore, sample preparation is often mandatory in order to isolate the analytes from troublesome matrices before instrumental analysis. Because the number of samples in drug development, doping analysis, forensic science, toxicological analysis, and preclinical and clinical assays is steadily increasing, novel high throughput sample preparation approaches are calling for. The key factors in this development are the miniaturization and the automation of the sample preparation approaches so as to cope with most of the twelve principles of green chemistry. In this review, recent trends in sample preparation and novel strategies will be discussed in detail with particular focus on sorptive and liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalysis. The actual applicability of selective sorbents is also considered. Additionally, the role of 3D printing in microextraction for bioanalytical methods will be pinpointed.
Affiliation
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176 Solna, Sweden; Functional Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-164 40 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: [email protected].
External References
- PubMed ID:
- 31892411
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