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Abstract Title:

Dietary magnesium supplementation prevents and reverses vascular and soft tissue calcifications in uremic rats.

Abstract Source:

Kidney Int. 2017 Nov ;92(5):1084-1099. Epub 2017 Jul 29. PMID: 28760336

Abstract Author(s):

Juan M Diaz-Tocados, Alan Peralta-Ramirez, María E Rodríguez-Ortiz, Ana I Raya, Ignacio Lopez, Carmen Pineda, Carmen Herencia, Addy Montes de Oca, Noemi Vergara, Sonja Steppan, M Victoria Pendon-Ruiz de Mier, Paula Buendía, Andrés Carmona, Julia Carracedo, Juan F Alcalá-Díaz, Joao Frazao, Julio M Martínez-Moreno, Antonio Canalejo, Arnold Felsenfeld, Mariano Rodriguez, Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero, Yolanda Almadén, Juan R Muñoz-Castañeda

Article Affiliation:

Juan M Diaz-Tocados

Abstract:

Although magnesium has been shown to prevent vascular calcification in vitro, controlled in vivo studies in uremic animal models are limited. To determine whether dietary magnesium supplementation protects against the development of vascular calcification, 5/6 nephrectomized Wistar rats were fed diets with different magnesium content increasing from 0.1 to 1.1%. Inone study we analyzed bone specimens from rats fed 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.6% magnesium diets, and in another study we evaluated the effect of intraperitoneal magnesium on vascular calcification in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. The effects of magnesium on established vascular calcification were also evaluatedin uremic rats fed on diets with either normal (0.1%) or moderately increased magnesium (0.6%) content. The increase in dietary magnesium resulted in a marked reduction in vascular calcification, together with improved mineral metabolism and renal function. Moderately elevated dietary magnesium (0.3%), but not high dietary magnesium (0.6%), improved bone homeostasis as compared to basal dietary magnesium (0.1%). Results of our study also suggested that the protective effect of magnesium on vascular calcification was not limited to its action as an intestinal phosphate binder since magnesium administered intraperitoneally also decreased vascular calcification. Oral magnesium supplementation also reduced blood pressure in uremic rats, and in vitro medium magnesium decreased BMP-2 and p65-NF-κB in TNF-α-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Finally, in uremic rats with established vascular calcification, increasing dietary magnesium from 0.1% magnesium to 0.6% reduced the mortality rate from 52% to 28%, which was associated with reduced vascular calcification. Thus, increasing dietary magnesium reduced both vascular calcification and mortality in uremic rats.

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