Hydroxysafflor yellow A shows protection against PPAR γ inactivation in nitrosative neurons. - GreenMedInfo Summary
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Shows Protection against PPARInactivation in Nitrosative Neurons.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 ;2018:9101740. Epub 2018 Oct 16. PMID: 30410641
Li Sun
Peroxynitrite-mediated nitrosative stress in the brain has been associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence highlights peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) as a critical neuroprotective factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we observed the effect of the herb hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) during nitrosative stress in neurons and investigated the mechanism based on PPARprotection. We found that a single exposure of primary neurons to peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 caused neuronal injury, which was accompanied by the increase of PPARnitration status and lack of activation of the receptor, as measured by PPARDNA-binding activity, by agonist (15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone) stimulation. The crucial role of PPARin neuronal defense against nitrosative stress was verified by showing that pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone attenuated SIN-1-induced neuronal injury but pretreatment with GW9662, a PPARantagonist, aggravated SIN-1-induced neuronal injury. The addition of HSYA not only inhibited SIN-1-induced neuronal damage but prevented PPARnitrative modification and resumed PPARactivity stimulated by either 15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone. Furthermore, HSYA also showed the ability to rescue the neuroprotective effect of 15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone when the agonists were coincubated with SIN-1. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the administration of HSYA also efficiently blocked PPARnitration and loss of activity in the SIN-1-injected hippocampus and reversed the increased neuronal susceptibility which was supported by the inhibition of Bcl-2 protein downregulation induced by SIN-1. The results suggest that HSYA protects neurons from nitrosative stress through keeping PPARas a functional receptor, allowing a more effective activation of this neuroprotective factor by the endogenous or exogenous agonist. Our findings provide new clues in understanding the role of the neuroprotective potential of the herbal HSYA.