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Abstract Title:

Is There a Crucial Link Between Vitamin D Status and Inflammatory Response in Patients With COVID-19?

Abstract Source:

Front Immunol. 2021 ;12:745713. Epub 2022 Jan 24. PMID: 35140702

Abstract Author(s):

Federica Saponaro, Maria Franzini, Chukwuma Okoye, Rachele Antognoli, Beatrice Campi, Marco Scalese, Tommaso Neri, Laura Carrozzi, Fabio Monzani, Riccardo Zucchi, Alessandro Celi, Aldo Paolicchi, Alessandro Saba

Article Affiliation:

Federica Saponaro

Abstract:

Background: Hypovitaminosis D has been suggested to play a possible role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between vitamin D status and a biochemical panel of inflammatory markers in a cohort of patients with COVID-19. A secondary endpoint was to evaluate the correlation between 25OHD levels and the severity of the disease. Ninety-three consecutive patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia were evaluated from March to May 2020 in two hospital units in Pisa, in whom biochemical inflammatory markers, 25OHD levels, P/F ratio at nadir during hospitalization, and complete clinical data were available.

Results: Sixty-five percent of patients presented hypovitaminosis D (25OHD≤ 20 ng/ml) and showed significantly higher IL-6 [20.8 (10.9-45.6) vs. 12.9 (8.7-21.1) pg/ml,= 0.02], CRP [10.7 (4.2-19.2) vs. 5.9 (1.6-8.1) mg/dl,= 0.003], TNF-α [8.9 (6.0-14.8) vs. 4.4 (1.5-10.6) pg/ml,= 0.01], D-dimer [0.53 (0.25-0.72) vs. 0.22 (0.17-0.35) mg/l,= 0.002], and IL-10 [3.7 (1.8-6.9) vs. 2.3 (0.5-5.8) pg/ml,= 0.03]. A significant inverse correlation was found between 25OHD and all these markers, even adjusted for age and sex. Hypovitaminosis D was prevalent in patients with severe ARDS, compared with the other groups (75% vs. 68% vs. 55%,<0.001), and 25OHD levels were lower in non-survivor patients.

Conclusions: The relationship between 25OHD levels and inflammatory markers suggests that vitamin D status needs to be taken into account in the management of these patients. If vitamin D is a marker of poor prognosis or a possible risk factor with beneficial effects from supplementation, this still needs to be elucidated.

Study Type : Human Study

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