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Abstract Title:

The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study.

Abstract Source:

Nature. 2018 Oct ;562(7728):589-594. Epub 2018 Oct 24. PMID: 30356183

Abstract Author(s):

Tommi Vatanen, Eric A Franzosa, Randall Schwager, Surya Tripathi, Timothy D Arthur, Kendra Vehik, Åke Lernmark, William A Hagopian, Marian J Rewers, Jin-Xiong She, Jorma Toppari, Anette-G Ziegler, Beena Akolkar, Jeffrey P Krischer, Christopher J Stewart, Nadim J Ajami, Joseph F Petrosino, Dirk Gevers, Harri Lähdesmäki, Hera Vlamakis, Curtis Huttenhower, Ramnik J Xavier

Article Affiliation:

Tommi Vatanen

Abstract:

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that targets pancreatic islet beta cells and incorporates genetic and environmental factors, including complex genetic elements, patient exposuresand the gut microbiome. Viral infectionsand broader gut dysbioseshave been identified as potential causes or contributing factors; however, human studies have not yet identified microbial compositional or functional triggers that are predictive of islet autoimmunity or T1D. Here we analyse 10,913 metagenomes in stool samples from 783 mostly white, non-Hispanic children. The samples were collected monthly from three months of age until the clinical end point (islet autoimmunity or T1D) in the The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, to characterize the natural history of the early gut microbiome in connection to islet autoimmunity, T1D diagnosis, and other common early life events such as antibiotic treatments and probiotics. The microbiomes of control children contained more genes that were related to fermentation and the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids, but these were not consistently associated with particular taxa across geographically diverse clinical centres, suggesting that microbial factors associated with T1D are taxonomically diffuse but functionally more coherent. When we investigated the broader establishment and development of the infant microbiome, both taxonomic and functional profiles were dynamic and highly individualized, and dominated in the first year of life by one of three largely exclusive Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. breve or B. longum) or by the phylum Proteobacteria. In particular, the strain-specific carriage of genes for the utilization of human milk oligosaccharide within a subset of B. longum was present specifically in breast-fed infants. These analyses of TEDDY gut metagenomes provide, to our knowledge, the largest and most detailed longitudinal functional profile of the developing gut microbiome in relation to islet autoimmunity, T1D and other early childhood events. Together with existing evidence from human cohortsand a T1D mouse model, these data support the protective effects of short-chain fatty acids in early-onset human T1D.

Study Type : Human Study

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