Antimicrobial https://greenmedinfo.com/category/keywords/Antimicrobial en Echinacea solution was more effective in decreasing the oral microbial flora of patients in the intensive care unit. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/echinacea-solution-was-more-effective-decreasing-oral-microbial-flora-patients n/a PMID:  Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017 Nov-Dec;22(6):481-485. PMID: 29184589 Abstract Title:  Comparing the Effect of Echinacea and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on the Microbial Flora of Intubated Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Abstract:  Background: Providing intubated patients admitted to the intensive care units with oral healthcare is one of the main tasks of nurses in order to prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed at comparing the effects of two mouthwash solutions (echinacea and chlorhexidine) on the oral microbial flora of patients hospitalized in the intensive care units. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 70 patients aged between18 and 65 years undergoing tracheal intubation through the mouth in three hospitals in Arak, were selected using simple random sampling and were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. The oral health checklist was used to collect the data (before and after the intervention). The samples were obtained from the orally intubated patients and were then cultured in selective media. Afterwards, the aerobic microbial growth was investigated in all culture media. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The microbial flora in the echinacea group significantly decreased after the intervention (<0.0001) and it was also the case withmicrobial flora of the patients in the chlorhexidine group (<0.001). After 4 days, the oral microbial flora of the patients in the intervention group was lower than that of the patients in the control group (<0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that the echinacea solution was more effective in decreasing the oral microbial flora of patients in the intensive care unit. Given the benefits of the components of the herb Echinacea, it can be suggested as a viable alternative to chlorhexidine. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/echinacea-solution-was-more-effective-decreasing-oral-microbial-flora-patients#comments Echinacea Pneumonia: Ventilator-associated Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Echinacea Pneumonia: Ventilator-associated Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs Human Study Tue, 10 Apr 2018 14:53:41 +0000 greenmedinfo 162400 at https://greenmedinfo.com Eugenol represents a very interesting bioactive compound with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/eugenol-represents-very-interesting-bioactive-compound-broad-spectrum-antimicr n/a PMID:  Crit Rev Microbiol. 2017 Mar 27:1-22. Epub 2017 Mar 27. PMID: 28346030 Abstract Title:  Antimicrobial activity of eugenol and essential oils containing eugenol: A mechanistic viewpoint. Abstract:  Eugenol is a hydroxyphenyl propene, naturally occurring in the essential oils of several plants belonging to the Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Myristicaceae families. It is one of the major constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.&L.M. Perry, Myrtaceae) oil and is largely used in both foods and cosmetics as a flavoring agent. A large body of recent scientific evidence supports claims from traditional medicine that eugenol exerts beneficial effects on human health. These effects are mainly associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Eugenol has also shown excellent antimicrobial activity in studies, being active against fungi and a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The aim of this review is to analyze scientific data from the main published studies describing the antibacterial and antifungal activities of eugenol targeting different kind of microorganisms, such as those responsible for human infectious diseases, diseases of the oral cavity, and food-borne pathogens. This article also reports the effects of eugenol on multi-drug resistant microorganisms. On the basis of this collected data, eugenol represents a very interesting bioactive compound with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and sessile cells belonging to food-decaying microorganisms and human pathogens. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/eugenol-represents-very-interesting-bioactive-compound-broad-spectrum-antimicr#comments Eugenol Fungus Diseases Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Antifungal Agents Antimicrobial Antifungal Agents Antimicrobial eugenol Fungus Diseases Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Review Mon, 10 Apr 2017 13:41:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 146104 at https://greenmedinfo.com Flaxseed meal extract can be used as a novel antimicrobial agent in fresh-cut vegetables. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/flaxseed-meal-extract-can-be-used-novel-antimicrobial-agent-fresh-cut-vegetabl n/a PMID:  J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Oct 6. Epub 2016 Oct 6. PMID: 27713208 Abstract Title:  Antimicrobial Activity of Flaxseed Meal Extract against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus Inoculated on Red Mustard. Abstract:  This study examined the antimicrobial activity of flaxseed meal extract (FME) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on red mustard. With the treatment of 0.7% FME for 3 min, the reduction levels of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 populations were 1.23 and 1.83 log CFU/g, respectively. In addition, the combined treatment of 0.7% FME at 50°C for 3 min reduced the populations of the pathogenic bacteria by 2.28 and 2.41 log CFU/g, respectively. Color and vitamin C content were not significantly different between treatments. Thus, FME can be used as a novel antimicrobial agent in fresh-cut vegetables. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/flaxseed-meal-extract-can-be-used-novel-antimicrobial-agent-fresh-cut-vegetabl#comments Escherichia coli Infections Flaxseed Foodborne Pathogens: Prevention/Food Preservation Staphylococcus aureus infection Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Escherichia coli Infections flaxseed Foodborne Pathogens: Prevention/Food Preservation Staphylococcus aureus infection In Vitro Study Fri, 14 Jul 2017 15:52:59 +0000 greenmedinfo 150423 at https://greenmedinfo.com Lacobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/lacobacillus-sp-can-inhibit-tooth-decay-limiting-growth-and-virulence-properti n/a PMID:  J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Jan 8. Epub 2018 Jan 8. PMID: 29316223 Abstract Title:  Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans. Abstract:  Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lacobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lacobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH-neutralized, catalase-treated or trypsin-treated Lacobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH-dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lacobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L. salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide-dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm-forming cells treated with Lacobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lacobacillus sp.can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/lacobacillus-sp-can-inhibit-tooth-decay-limiting-growth-and-virulence-properti#comments Lactobacillus probiotics Steptococcus Mutans Infections Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Biofilm Lactobacillus probiotics Steptococcus Mutans Infections In Vitro Study Sat, 27 Jan 2018 04:21:11 +0000 greenmedinfo 158910 at https://greenmedinfo.com Manuka honey effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. difficile strains. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/manuka-honey-effectively-inhibited-biofilm-formation-c-difficile-strains n/a PMID:  Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 18. Epub 2017 Apr 18. PMID: 28417271 Abstract Title:  Antimicrobial effects of Manuka honey on in vitro biofilm formation by Clostridium difficile. Abstract:  Clostridium difficile is the cause of the nosocomial C. difficile infection (CDI). The conventional antibiotics used in CDI therapy are often unsuccessful, and recurrent infections may occur. Biofilm formation by C. difficile is associated with chronic or recurrent infections; biofilms may contribute to virulence and impaired antimicrobial efficacy. Manuka honey, derived from the Manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium), is known to exhibit antimicrobial properties that are associated with its significant content of methylglyoxal, a natural antibiotic. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of Manuka honey on clinical C. difficile strains belonging to four prominent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotypes (RTs) (RT017, RT023, RT027 and RT046) and on their biofilm formation in vitro. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs, respectively) were determined using the broth dilution method. The biomass of the biofilm and the clearance of C. difficile biofilms by Manuka honey were determined using the crystal violet staining method. The MIC and MBC of Manuka honey for C. difficile strains were equal at 6.25% (v/v). PCR RT027 strains produced more biofilm in vitro than the other examined strains. Manuka honey effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. difficile strains of different PCR RTs. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/manuka-honey-effectively-inhibited-biofilm-formation-c-difficile-strains#comments Clostridium Infections Manuka Honey Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Biofilm Clostridium Infections Manuka Honey In Vitro Study Wed, 02 Aug 2017 20:31:21 +0000 greenmedinfo 151147 at https://greenmedinfo.com Pharmacological values and therapeutic properties of black tea. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pharmacological-values-and-therapeutic-properties-black-tea n/a PMID:  Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Feb 23 ;100:521-531. Epub 2018 Feb 23. PMID: 29482046 Abstract Title:  Pharmacological values and therapeutic properties of black tea (Camellia sinensis): A comprehensive overview. Abstract:  Medicinal plants are essential parts of traditional medicine due to their phytochemical constituents having pharmacological values and therapeutic applications. Black tea have thousands of various biological compounds such as flavonoids (Thearubigins (TRs) and theaflavins (TFs) and catechins), amino acids (L.theanine), vitamins (A, C, K), phenolic acids (caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acids (CGA) and cauramic acid), lipids, proteins, volatile compounds carbohydrates,β-carotene and fluoride that illustrated many promising pharmacological effects regarded as growth promoter, cardioprotector, potent cholesterol-lowering effect, antioxidant and antimicrobial, etc inhuman. Although there is an exponential growth in molecular evidence of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effect in human, there is still a lack of information of the pharmacological effects of black tea. To fill this information gap, therefore, this review article underscores broadening the new insight pertaining to black tea that could be used as safe food additive. This article also illuminates the interesting role of black tea as an herbal medicine that is the future demand to get rid of synthetic health promoters in the human health practice. Moreover, this information would be useful in terms of the low-cost practice of natural medicines with no residual effects, and a natural protection of the human being. In addition, further studies at a molecular level are needed to reveal its mechanism of action particularly for the hypocholesterolemic effect of black tea to overcome the heart-related diseases, fewer side effects and being a natural safeguard of human health. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pharmacological-values-and-therapeutic-properties-black-tea#comments Black Tea Cardiovascular Diseases Oxidative Stress Anticholesteremic Agents Antimicrobial Antioxidants Cardioprotective Anticholesteremic Agents Antimicrobial Antioxidants BLACK TEA Cardioprotective Cardiovascular Diseases oxidative stress Review Fri, 09 Mar 2018 07:55:08 +0000 greenmedinfo 160964 at https://greenmedinfo.com Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic uses of black seed (Nigella sativa). https://greenmedinfo.com/article/phytochemistry-pharmacology-and-therapeutic-uses-black-seed-nigella-sativa n/a PMID:  Chin J Nat Med. 2016 Oct ;14(10):732-745. Epub 2016 Oct 31. PMID: 28236403 Abstract Title:  Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic uses of black seed (Nigella sativa). Abstract:  Black seed (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant from Ranunculaceae family, native to southwest Asia. This plant has many food and medicinal uses. The use of its seeds and oil is common for treatment of many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and digestive diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review on the scientific reports that have been published about N. sativa. The facts and statistics presented in this review article were gathered from the journals accessible in creditable databases such as Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, EMBASE, SID and IranMedex. The keywords searched in Persian and English books on medicinal plants and traditional medicine, as well as the above reputable databases were"Black seed","Nigella sativa","therapeutic effect", and"medicinal plant". The results showed that N. sativa has many biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and wound healing activities. It also has effects on reproductive, digestive, immune and central nervous systems, such as anticonvulsant and analgesic activities. In summary, it can be used as a valuable plant for production of new drugs for treatment of many diseases. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/phytochemistry-pharmacology-and-therapeutic-uses-black-seed-nigella-sativa#comments Nigella sativa (aka Black Seed) Analgesics Anti-Inflammatory Agents Anticonvulsants Antihypertensive Agents Antimicrobial Antioxidants Chemotherapeutic Hypoglycemic Agents Hypolipidemic Analgesics Anti-Inflammatory Agents Anticonvulsants Antihypertensive Agents Antimicrobial Antioxidants Chemotherapeutic Nigella sativa (aka Black Seed) Plant Extracts Review Wed, 15 Mar 2017 20:08:03 +0000 greenmedinfo 144860 at https://greenmedinfo.com The current study presented P. harmala as antibiofilm herbal medicine for C. albicans. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/current-study-presented-p-harmala-antibiofilm-herbal-medicine-c-albicans n/a PMID:  Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016 Apr ;7(2):116-8. Epub 2016 Jan 8. PMID: 27169010 Abstract Title:  Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum harmala against Candida albicans. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: Vaginitis still remains as a health issue in women. It is notable that Candida albicans producing biofilm is considered a microorganism responsible for vaginitis with hard to treat. Also, Peganum harmala was applied as an anti fungal in treatment for many infections in Iran. Therefore, this study goal to investigate the role of P. harmala in inhibition of biofilm formation in C. albicans. METHODS: So, 27 C. albicans collected from women with Vaginitis, then subjected for biofilm formation assay. P. harmala was applied as antibiofilm formation in C. albicans. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that P. harmala in concentration of 12 μg/ml easily inhibited strong biofilm formation; while the concentrations of 10 and 6 μg/ml inhibited biofilm formation in moderate and weak biofilm formation C. albicans strains, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hence, the current study presented P. harmala as antibiofilm herbal medicine for C. albicans; but in vivo study suggested to be performed to confirm its effectiveness. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/current-study-presented-p-harmala-antibiofilm-herbal-medicine-c-albicans#comments Candida Albicans Syrian rue Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Biofilm Candida Albicans Syrian rue In Vitro Study Fri, 01 Sep 2017 18:21:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 152561 at https://greenmedinfo.com The pomegranate peel of the PTO8 cultivar is a good source of antifungal and antibacterial compounds. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pomegranate-peel-pto8-cultivar-good-source-antifungal-and-antibacterial-compou n/a PMID:  J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Feb ;97(3):802-810. Epub 2016 Jun 9. PMID: 27173758 Abstract Title:  Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts as affected by cultivar. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Some studies have reported that different parts of the pomegranate fruit, especially the peel, may act as potential antimicrobial agents and thus might be proposed as a safe natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents. The high tannin content, especially punicalagin, found in pomegranate extracts, has been reported as the main compound responsible for such antimicrobial activity. Because the pomegranate peel chemical composition may vary with the type of cultivar (sweet, sour-sweet and sour), pomegranates may also differ with respect to their antimicrobial capacity. RESULTS: The extract from PTO8 pomegranate cultivar peel had the highest antimicrobial activity, as well as the highest punicalagins (α and β) and ellagic acid concentrations. In the results obtained from both antibacterial and antifungal activity studies, the sour-sweet pomegranate cultivar PTO8 showed the best antimicrobial activity, and the highest ellagic acid concentrations. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that ellagic acid content has a significant influence on the antimicrobial activity of the pomegranate extracts investigated. The pomegranate peel of the PTO8 cultivar is a good source of antifungal and antibacterial compounds, and may represent an alternative to antimicrobial agents of synthetic origin.© 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/pomegranate-peel-pto8-cultivar-good-source-antifungal-and-antibacterial-compou#comments Pomegranate Peel Antifungal Agents Antimicrobial Antifungal Agents Antimicrobial Plant Extracts Pomegranate Peel In Vitro Study Thu, 19 Jan 2017 23:18:53 +0000 greenmedinfo 142275 at https://greenmedinfo.com The present study shows that lichen compounds demonstrated strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-shows-lichen-compounds-demonstrated-strong-antioxidant-antimicro n/a PMID:  Phytomedicine. 2012 Oct 15 ;19(13):1166-72. Epub 2012 Aug 22. PMID: 22921748 Abstract Title:  Chemical composition of three Parmelia lichens and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some their major metabolites. Abstract:  The aim of this study is to investigate chemical composition of acetone extracts of the lichens Parmelia caperata, P. saxatilis and P. sulcata and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of some their major metabolites. The phytochemical analysis of acetone extracts of three Parmelia lichens were determined by HPLC-UV method. The predominant phenolic compounds in these extracts were protocetraric and usnic acids (P. caperata) and depsidone salazinic acid (other two species). Besides these compounds, atranorin and chloroatranorin, were also detected in some of these extracts. Antioxidant activity of their isolated metabolites was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and reducing power. As a result of the study salazinic acid had stronger antioxidant activity than protocetraric acid. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. Both compounds were highly active with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.015 to 1mg/ml. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. Salazinic acid and protocetraric acid were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 35.67 to 60.18μg/ml. The present study shows that tested lichen compounds demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggest that these lichens can be used as new sources of the natural antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and anticancer compounds. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/present-study-shows-lichen-compounds-demonstrated-strong-antioxidant-antimicro#comments Colon Cancer Lichens Melanoma Antimicrobial Antioxidants Chemopreventive Antimicrobial Antioxidants Chemopreventive COLON CANCER Lichens melanoma Human In Vitro Fri, 06 Jan 2017 04:43:30 +0000 greenmedinfo 141548 at https://greenmedinfo.com