Water Pollution https://greenmedinfo.com/category/keywords/Water%20Pollution en Acetaminophen is increasingly present in the natural water environment. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acetaminophen-increasingly-present-natural-water-environment PMID:  Chemosphere. 2019 Jul 22 ;236:124391. Epub 2019 Jul 22. PMID: 31545194 Abstract Title:  Acetaminophen micropollutant: Historical and current occurrences, toxicity, removal strategies and transformation pathways in different environments. Abstract:  Acetaminophen (ACT) is commonly used as a counter painkiller and nowadays, it is increasingly present in the natural water environment. Although its concentrations are usually at the ppt to ppm levels, ACT can transform into various intermediates depending on the environmental conditions. Due to the complexity of the ACT degradation products and the intermediates, it poses a major challenge for monitoring, detection and to propose adequate treatment technologies. The main objectives of this review study were to assess (i) the occurrences and toxicities, (2) the removal technologies and (3) the transformation pathways and intermediates of ACT in four environmental compartments namely wastewater, surface water, ground water, and soil/sediments. Based on the review, it was observed that the ACT concentrations in wastewater can reach up to several hundreds of ppb. Amongst the different countries, China and the USA showed the highest ACT concentration in wastewater (≤300 μg/L), with a very high detection frequency (81-100%). Concerning surface water, the ACT concentrations were found to be at the ppt level. Some regions in France, Spain, Germany, Korea, USA, and UK comply with the recommended ACT concentration for drinking water (71 ng/L). Notably, ACT can transform and degrade into various metabolites such as aromatic derivatives or organic acids. Some of them (e.g., hydroquinone and benzoquinone) are toxic to human and other life forms. Thus, in water and wastewater treatment plants, tertiary treatment systems such as advanced oxidation, membraneseparation, and hybrid processes should be used to remove the toxic metabolites of ACT. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acetaminophen-increasingly-present-natural-water-environment" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/acetaminophen-increasingly-present-natural-water-environment#comments Acetaminophen Public Drinking Water Environmental Fate of Pharmacueticals Water Pollution Environmental Tue, 24 Sep 2019 18:35:05 +0000 greenmedinfo 197100 at https://greenmedinfo.com Anthropogenic contaminants of high concern: Existence in water resources and their adverse effects. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anthropogenic-contaminants-high-concern-existence-water-resources-and-their-ad PMID:  Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 10 ;690:1068-1088. Epub 2019 Jul 6. PMID: 31470472 Abstract Title:  Anthropogenic contaminants of high concern: Existence in water resources and their adverse effects. Abstract:  Existence of anthropogenic contaminants (ACs) in different environmental matrices is a serious and unresolved concern. For instance, ACs from different sectors, such as industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical, are found in water bodies with considerable endocrine disruptors potency and can damage the biotic components of the environment. The continuous ACs exposure can cause cellular toxicity, apoptosis, genotoxicity, and alterations in sex ratios in human beings. Whereas, aquatic organisms show bioaccumulation, trophic chains, and biomagnification of ACs through different entry route. These problems have been found in many countries around the globe, making them a worldwide concern. ACs have been found in different environmental matrices, such as water reservoirs for human consumption, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), groundwaters, surface waters, rivers, and seas, which demonstrate their free movement within the environment in an uncontrolled manner. This work provides a detailed overview of ACs occurrence in water bodies along with their toxicological effect on living organisms. The literature data reported between 2017 and 2018 is compiled following inclusion-exclusion criteria, and the obtained information was mapped as per type and source of ACs. The most important ACs are pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, ofloxacin, acetaminophen, progesterone ranitidine, and testosterone), agricultural products or pesticides (atrazine, carbendazim, fipronil), narcotics and illegal drugs (amphetamines, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine), food industry derivatives (bisphenol A, and caffeine), and personal care products (triclosan, and other related surfactants). Considering this threatening issue, robust detection and removal strategies must be considered in the design of WWTPs and DWTPs. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anthropogenic-contaminants-high-concern-existence-water-resources-and-their-ad" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/anthropogenic-contaminants-high-concern-existence-water-resources-and-their-ad#comments Acetaminophen Diclofenac Ibuprofen Naproxen Ofloxacin Pesticides Ranitidine Triclosan Environmental Fate of Pharmacueticals Public Drinking Water Water Pollution Environmental Tue, 24 Sep 2019 16:28:50 +0000 greenmedinfo 197088 at https://greenmedinfo.com Bisphenol concentrations in ambient water conditions could pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bisphenol-concentrations-ambient-water-conditions-could-pose-potential-risk-aq PMID:  Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Sep 25 ;185:109694. Epub 2019 Sep 25. PMID: 31562998 Abstract Title:  Chronic effects of bisphenol S and bisphenol SIP on freshwater waterflea and ecological risk assessment. Abstract:  Bisphenol S (BPS) and 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) have been used as substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA) owing to increased regulation of BPA in plastics. In this study, long-term toxicity tests of BPS and BPSIP were performed using Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of BPA, BPS, and BPSIP were derived by the assessment factor (AF) method and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. An ecological risk assessment was performed based on the measured environmental concentrations of BPA in surface water worldwide and the derived PNECs. The chronic NOEC of D. magna was 2.5 mg/L for BPS and 0.5 mg/L for BPSIP, and that of M. macrocopa was 0.03 mg/L for BPS and 0.1 mg/L for BPSIP. The PNECwas generally one order of magnitude less than the PNEC, and the PNEC of BPS was 10 times lower than that of BPA. The hazard quotients of BPA and BPS exceeded 1, indicating that concentrations in ambient water conditions could pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. Since the use of alternative compounds is increasing, further monitoring data of the water environment and chronic toxicity in various aquatic organisms appears to be necessary. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bisphenol-concentrations-ambient-water-conditions-could-pose-potential-risk-aq" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/bisphenol-concentrations-ambient-water-conditions-could-pose-potential-risk-aq#comments Bisphenol Toxicity Bisphenol S Water Pollution Animal Study Sun, 13 Oct 2019 18:05:24 +0000 greenmedinfo 198911 at https://greenmedinfo.com Can microplastics pose a threat to ocean carbon sequestration? https://greenmedinfo.com/article/can-microplastics-pose-threat-ocean-carbon-sequestration PMID:  Mar Pollut Bull. 2019 Nov 9:110712. Epub 2019 Nov 9. PMID: 31718860 Abstract Title:  Can microplastics pose a threat to ocean carbon sequestration? Abstract:  Global climate change has attracted worldwide attention. The ocean is the largest active carbon pool on the planet and plays an important role in global climate change. However, marine plastic pollution is getting increasingly serious due to the large consumption and mismanagement of global plastics. The impact of marine plastics on ecosystem responsible for the gas exchange and circulation of marine COmay cause more greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, in this paper, threats of marine microplastics to ocean carbon sequestration are discussed. Marine microplastics can 1) affect phytoplankton photosynthesis and growth; 2) have toxic effects on zooplankton and affect their development and reproduction; 3) affect marine biological pump; and 4) affect ocean carbon stock. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are the most important producer and consumer of the ocean. As such, clearly, further research should be needed to explore the potential scale and scope of this impact, and its underlying mechanisms. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/can-microplastics-pose-threat-ocean-carbon-sequestration" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/can-microplastics-pose-threat-ocean-carbon-sequestration#comments Microplastic Water Pollution Review Sat, 16 Nov 2019 04:14:49 +0000 greenmedinfo 201927 at https://greenmedinfo.com Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/covid-19-face-masks-potential-source-microplastic-fibers-environment PMID:  Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 16 ;737:140279. Epub 2020 Jun 16. PMID: 32563114 Abstract Title:  Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment. Abstract:  The increase in production and consumption of face mask across the world has given rise to a new environmental challenge, adding to the vast plastic and plastic particle waste in the environment. Some of these materials are getting into waterways from where they reach the freshwater and marine environment adding to the presence of plastics in the aquatic medium. For instance, OceansAsia, an organization committed to advocacy and research on marine pollution, reported in February 2020, the presence of face masks of different types and colours in an ocean in Hong Kong. Also, the collection of face masks along a highway and drainage in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, on May 5, 2020 (Fig. 2 ). This new emergence of face masks as environmental litter both in the terrestrial and aquatic environment is a piece of evidence that the global pandemic has not in any way reduced the challenge of increasing plastic pollution in the environment. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/covid-19-face-masks-potential-source-microplastic-fibers-environment" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/covid-19-face-masks-potential-source-microplastic-fibers-environment#comments Face Masks (Lack of Safety and Ineffectiveness Research) Face Masks: Cloth Microplastic Water Pollution Environmental Tue, 07 Jul 2020 14:03:31 +0000 greenmedinfo 223177 at https://greenmedinfo.com Microplastics impair growth in two atlantic scleractinian coral species, Pseudodiploria clivosa and Acropora cervicornis. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microplastics-impair-growth-two-atlantic-scleractinian-coral-species-pseudodip PMID:  Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 3 ;275:116649. Epub 2021 Feb 3. PMID: 33571858 Abstract Title:  Microplastics impair growth in two atlantic scleractinian coral species, Pseudodiploria clivosa and Acropora cervicornis. Abstract:  Scleractinian coral are experiencing global and regional stressors. Microplastics (<p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microplastics-impair-growth-two-atlantic-scleractinian-coral-species-pseudodip" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/microplastics-impair-growth-two-atlantic-scleractinian-coral-species-pseudodip#comments Microplastic Water Pollution Environmental Thu, 18 Feb 2021 20:40:06 +0000 greenmedinfo 234627 at https://greenmedinfo.com Neonicotinoids disrupt aquatic food webs and decrease fishery yields. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoids-disrupt-aquatic-food-webs-and-decrease-fishery-yields PMID:  Science. 2019 11 1 ;366(6465):620-623. PMID: 31672894 Abstract Title:  Neonicotinoids disrupt aquatic food webs and decrease fishery yields. Abstract:  Invertebrate declines are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems, and pesticide use is often cited as a causal factor. Here, we report that aquatic systems are threatened by the high toxicity and persistence of neonicotinoid insecticides. These effects cascade to higher trophic levels by altering food web structure and dynamics, affecting higher-level consumers. Using data on zooplankton, water quality, and annual fishery yields of eel and smelt, we show that neonicotinoid application to watersheds since 1993 coincided with an 83% decrease in average zooplankton biomass in spring, causing the smelt harvest to collapse from 240 to 22 tons in Lake Shinji, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. This disruption likely also occurs elsewhere, as neonicotinoids are currently the most widely used class of insecticides globally. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoids-disrupt-aquatic-food-webs-and-decrease-fishery-yields" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/neonicotinoids-disrupt-aquatic-food-webs-and-decrease-fishery-yields#comments Pesticide Toxicity Pesticides Environmental Pollution Water Pollution Environmental Thu, 14 Nov 2019 23:04:39 +0000 greenmedinfo 201793 at https://greenmedinfo.com The study indicated that the current esophageal cancer mortality rate was mainly caused by water pollution from the previous 8 years. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/study-indicated-current-esophageal-cancer-mortality-rate-was-mainly-caused-wat PMID:  Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Sep 9. Epub 2019 Sep 9. PMID: 31502054 Abstract Title:  The lag effect of water pollution on the mortality rate for esophageal cancer in a rapidly industrialized region in China. Abstract:  The Huai River basin (located in eastern China) has a population of 180 million and has the highest risk of esophageal cancer (EC) mortality in China. Some studies found that contaminants in drinking water are a major risk factor for cancers of the digestive system. However, the effect of water pollution in the historical period on the current EC mortality remains unclear. Data were collected on the EC mortality rate in 2004 in the Huai River basin in 11 counties, and data on the surface water quality in the region from 1987 to 2004 were used. The Pearson correlation and the GeoDetector q-statistic were employed to explore the association between water pollution and the EC mortality rate in different lag periods, from linear and nonlinear perspectives, respectively. The study showed apparently spatial heterogeneity of the EC mortality rate in the region. The EC mortality rate downstream is significantly higher than that in other regions; in the midstream, the region north of the mainstream has a lower average mortality rate than that south of the area. Upstream, the region north of the mainstream has a higher mortality rate than that in the southern area. The spatial pattern was formed under the influence of water pollution in the historical period. 1996, 1997, and 1998 have the strongest linear or nonlinear effect on the EC mortality rate in 2004, in which the Pearson correlation coefficient and the q-statistic were the highest, 0.79 and 0.89, respectively. Rapid industrialization in the past 20 years has caused environmental problems and poses related health risks. The study indicated that the current EC mortality rate was mainly caused by water pollution from the previous 8 years. The findings provide knowledge about the lag time for pollution effects on the EC mortality rate, and can contribute to the controlling and preventing esophageal cancer. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/study-indicated-current-esophageal-cancer-mortality-rate-was-mainly-caused-wat" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/study-indicated-current-esophageal-cancer-mortality-rate-was-mainly-caused-wat#comments Cancer Mortality Esophageal Cancer Public Drinking Water Increased Risk Public Drinking Water Water Pollution Human Study Tue, 24 Sep 2019 15:59:46 +0000 greenmedinfo 197085 at https://greenmedinfo.com Toxic effect of fluorene-9-bisphenol to green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its metabolic fate. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/toxic-effect-fluorene-9-bisphenol-green-algae-chlorella-vulgaris-and-its-metab PMID:  Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Mar 30 ;216:112158. Epub 2021 Mar 30. PMID: 33798865 Abstract Title:  Toxic effect of fluorene-9-bisphenol to green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its metabolic fate. Abstract:  Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative, has recently attracted attention due to its wide use and potential toxicity. However, the toxic effects and fate of BHPF in freshwater algae remains to be elucidated. In this study, the impact of BHPF on Chlorella vulgaris was explored and the removal and bioaccumulation of BHPF by Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. Results showed that C. vulgaris was sensitive to BHPF at the concentration of&gt;1 mg L, and lipid peroxidation was significantly increased under the exposure of&gt;0.1 mg BHPF L. An oxidative stress was caused by BHPF, as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased in algal cells by&gt;0.5 mg BHPF L. The removal rate of BHPF was significantly enhanced by the addition of algae. In addition, the increasing accumulation of BHPF in algae at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg Lwas observed and may contribute for the increased toxicity of BHPF to C. vulgaris. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) results demonstrated that three metabolites of BHPF were identified in algal cells, which may pose an unexpected effect in aquatic environment. <p><a href="https://greenmedinfo.com/article/toxic-effect-fluorene-9-bisphenol-green-algae-chlorella-vulgaris-and-its-metab" target="_blank">read more</a></p> https://greenmedinfo.com/article/toxic-effect-fluorene-9-bisphenol-green-algae-chlorella-vulgaris-and-its-metab#comments Bisphenol Toxicity Water Pollution In Vitro Study Fri, 09 Apr 2021 19:15:38 +0000 greenmedinfo 237660 at https://greenmedinfo.com