Oral Contraceptives

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38 Diseases Researched for Oral Contraceptives
NameACCKFocus
Breast Cancer661Locked
Cerebral Ischemia240Locked
Cervical Cancer340Locked
Stroke240Locked
Depression433Locked
Breast Cancer: Prevention330Locked
Breast Cancer: Triple Negative 230Locked
Ulcerative Colitis230Locked
Thrombosis222Locked
Cancer Metastasis220Locked
Cardiovascular Diseases120Locked
Deep Vein Thrombosis120Locked
Folic Acid/Folate Deficiency120Locked
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)220Locked
Hyperhomocysteinemia120Locked
Liver Cancer120Locked
Myocardial Infarction120Locked
Subarachnoid hemorrhage120Locked
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases211Locked
Androgen Deficiency110Locked
BRCA1/BRCA2: Prevalence110Locked
Breast Cancer: BRCA1110Locked
C-Reactive Protein110Locked
Crohn's Disease110Locked
Depression: Postpartum110Locked
Hematologic Diseases110Locked
Hormone Imbalances: High Cortisol110Locked
Hypertension110Locked
Hypoandrogenism110Locked
Inflammation110Locked
Low Testosterone110Locked
Testosterone: Too Low110Locked
Thromboembolism 110Locked
Drug-Induced Toxicity 34Locked
Contraception12Locked
Androgen-Induced Diseases11Locked
Autism Spectrum Disorders11Locked
Autoimmune Diseases11Locked
8 Adverse Pharmacological Actions Researched for Oral Contraceptives
NameACCKFocus
Carcinogenic8102Locked
Cardiotoxic120Locked
Anti-Androgenic110Locked
Endocrine Disruptor110Locked
Hypertensive110Locked
Prothrombic12Locked
Tumorigenic12Locked
Androgenic11Locked
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View the Evidence:
39 Abstracts with Oral Contraceptives Research

[+]

Cervical cancer risk increases in current users of oral contraceptives and declines after use ceases.Nov 10, 2007

Pubmed Data : Lancet. 2007 Nov 10;370(9599):1609-21. PMID: 17993361
Article Published Date : Nov 10, 2007
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Cervical Cancer
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Low-dose oral contraceptive use significantly increases the risk of both cardiac and vascular arterial events events.Jul 01, 2005

Pubmed Data : J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):3863-70. Epub 2005 Apr 6. PMID: 15814774
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2005
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebral Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Cardiotoxic
[+]

Oral contraceptive use increases the risk for premenopausal breast cancer. Oct 01, 2006

Pubmed Data : Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Oct;81(10):1290-302. PMID: 17036554
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2006
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Oral contraceptives have been shown to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aug 01, 1998

Pubmed Data : Neurology. 1998 Aug;51(2):411-8. PMID: 9710012
Article Published Date : Aug 01, 1998
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptives were found to be associated with a reduction in blood folate levels.Apr 30, 2015

Pubmed Data : J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015 May ;37(5):430-8. PMID: 26168104
Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2015
Study Type : Meta Analysis, Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Folic Acid/Folate Deficiency
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Six studies in the medical literature have demonstrated an increased risk for liver cancer between 2- and 20- fold in longer durations of oral contraceptive use.Oct 01, 2007

Pubmed Data : J Hepatol. 2007 Oct;47(4):506-13. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID: 17462781
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2007
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Liver Cancer
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

The risk of ischemic stroke is increased in current oral contraceptive users.Jul 05, 2000

Pubmed Data : JAMA. 2000 Jul 5;284(1):72-8. PMID: 10872016
Article Published Date : Jul 05, 2000
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Cerebral Ischemia, Stroke
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

There is an increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease in oral contraceptive agent users.Nov 01, 1995

Pubmed Data : Gut. 1995 Nov;37(5):668-73. PMID: 8549943
Article Published Date : Nov 01, 1995
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Ulcerative Colitis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

We concluded that OC users, and patients with factor V Leiden, the prothrombin G20 120A mutation, and hyperhomocysteinemia are at a significantly increased risk of cerebral vein thrombosis.Apr 01, 2006

Pubmed Data : Blood. 2006 Apr 1;107(7):2766-73. Epub 2006 Jan 5. PMID: 16397131
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2006
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Deep Vein Thrombosis, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Thrombosis
Additional Keywords : Diseases that are Linked
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Women who use oral contraceptives have a greater risk of triple-negative breast cancer compared with women who do not.Jun 30, 2017

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 Jul ;7(1):76-80. Epub 2017 May 12. PMID: 28685080
Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2017
Study Type : Meta Analysis, Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer: Triple Negative
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Among women over age 35 years at diagnosis, compared with never users, those who had used oral contraceptives for 3 or more years during the past 5 years were at a 2.54-fold increased risk of breast cancer.Jul 01, 1998

Pubmed Data : Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998 Jul;50(2):175-84. PMID: 9822222
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1998
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Prevention
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Association between hormonal contraception and injuries induced by human papillomavirus in the uterine cervix.Mar 31, 2018

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018 Apr ;40(4):196-202. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29702717
Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2018
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Contraceptives alter the olfactory experience of women. Feb 28, 2013

Pubmed Data : Horm Behav. 2013 Mar ;63(3):491-6. Epub 2013 Jan 13. PMID: 23321429
Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2013
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Evidence for stress-like alterations in the HPA-axis in women taking oral contraceptives.Oct 25, 2017

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 26 ;7(1):14111. Epub 2017 Oct 26. PMID: 29074884
Article Published Date : Oct 25, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Hormone Imbalances: High Cortisol
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy is associated with 2- to 6- fold increased relative risk of venous thromboembolic events.Oct 11, 2004

Pubmed Data : Arch Intern Med. 2004 Oct 11;164(18):1965-76. PMID: 15477430
Article Published Date : Oct 11, 2004
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives, Progestin
[+]

Hormone therapy containing progestagens is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Sep 01, 2007

Pubmed Data : Curr Opin Hematol. 2007 Sep;14(5):488-93. PMID: 17934355
Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2007
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Thromboembolism
Problem Substances : Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives, Progestin
[+]

Kynurenic acid is reduced in females and oral contraceptive users.Dec 31, 2017

Pubmed Data : Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Jan ;67:59-64. Epub 2017 Sep 1. PMID: 28867283
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : C-Reactive Protein, Depression, Inflammation
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive use results in lower levels of total and free testosterone in women. Dec 01, 1994

Pubmed Data : Contraception. 1994 Dec;50(6):563-79. PMID: 7705098
Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1994
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Low Testosterone, Testosterone: Too Low
Additional Keywords : Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Endocrine Disruptor
[+]

Long-term oral contraceptive use among young women or use beginning near menarche may be associated with a small excess breast cancer risk.Apr 06, 1994

Pubmed Data : J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Apr 6;86(7):505-14. PMID: 8133534
Article Published Date : Apr 06, 1994
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Prevention
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Low dose combined oral contraceptives result in wide fluctations in hemostatic markers in women. Jan 01, 1999

Pubmed Data : Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 1999 Jan;5(1):60-70. PMID: 10725985
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1999
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Hematologic Diseases
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptive agents are associated with an increased risk for the development of irritable bowel disease. Sep 01, 2008

Pubmed Data : Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep;103(9):2394-400. Epub 2008 Aug 5. PMID: 18684177
Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2008
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Ulcerative Colitis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptive use is associated with hypoandrogenism.Mar 01, 1996

Pubmed Data : Contraception. 1996 Mar;53(3):171-6. PMID: 8689882
Article Published Date : Mar 01, 1996
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Androgen Deficiency, Hypoandrogenism
Additional Keywords : Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Androgenic
[+]

Oral contraceptive use is associated with increased breast cancer risk and increased malignancy among young women.Jun 07, 1995

Pubmed Data : J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Jun 7;87(11):827-35. PMID: 7791232
Article Published Date : Jun 07, 1995
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Prevention, Cancer Metastasis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Oral contraceptive use>or =1 year was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk for triple-negative breast cancer.Apr 01, 2009

Pubmed Data : Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Apr;18(4):1157-66. Epub 2009 Mar 31. PMID: 19336554
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2009
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Triple Negative , Cancer Metastasis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Oral contraceptives may induce hypertension in susceptible women.Dec 01, 2008

Pubmed Data : J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2008 Dec;9(4):221-5. PMID: 19126663
Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2008
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Hypertension
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Hypertensive
[+]

Supplementation with vitamin B6 reduces side effects in Cambodian women using oral contraception.Aug 25, 2014

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Nutrients. 2014 Aug 26 ;6(9):3353-62. Epub 2014 Aug 26. PMID: 25163030
Article Published Date : Aug 25, 2014
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Vitamin B-6
Diseases : Depression
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

The onset of BC in this population can be influenced by reproductive factors such as the number of pregnancies and the use of oral contraceptives.Feb 29, 2016

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2016 Mar ;4(2):172-7. Epub 2015 Dec 10. PMID: 27066510
Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2016
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : BRCA1/BRCA2: Prevalence, Breast Cancer: BRCA1
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

The use of contraceptives or an intrauterine device with progestogen might convey risk for postpartum depression.Dec 31, 2017

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Nurs Open. 2018 04 ;5(2):131-138. Epub 2018 Jan 17. PMID: 29599988
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Depression: Postpartum
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

These results suggest depression could be a potential adverse effect of hormonal contraceptive use.Oct 31, 2016

Pubmed Data : JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 1 ;73(11):1154-1162. PMID: 27680324
Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Depression
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

This study suggests a synergic effect of oral contraceptive use, GSTP1 polymorphisms, and HR-HPV infection in the development of cervical lesions.Aug 16, 2017

Pubmed Data : Genet Mol Res. 2017 Aug 17 ;16(3). Epub 2017 Aug 17. PMID: 28829907
Article Published Date : Aug 16, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Additional Keywords : Genomic Variation, Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral hormonal contraceptives may induce serious mood disturbances.Feb 28, 2014

Pubmed Data : Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014 Mar-Apr;36(2):230.e1-2. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24287129
Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2014
Study Type : Human: Case Report
Additional Links
Diseases : Depression
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Estrogen-progestin releasing intravaginal devices in rabbits create malignant lesions in rabbits.Aug 01, 1987

Pubmed Data : Am J Pathol. 1987 Aug;128(2):315-27. PMID: 3039851
Article Published Date : Aug 01, 1987
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Drug-Induced Toxicity
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel, Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic, Tumorigenic
[+]

Oral contraceptive-treated female rats have significantly elevated thrombogenic risk.Apr 05, 1996

Pubmed Data : Atherosclerosis. 1996 Apr 5;121(2):205-16. PMID: 9125295
Article Published Date : Apr 05, 1996
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Contraception, Thrombosis
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Lynestrenol, Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Prothrombic
[+]

Oral contraceptive discontinuation occurs frequently (up to 50%) due to high rates of side effects.Oct 01, 1992

Pubmed Data : Adv Contracept. 1992 Oct;8 Suppl 1:21-33. PMID: 1442247
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 1992
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptive use is associated with high rates of discontinuation/switching caused by emotional and sexual side effects which have largely been ignored in the research literature.Jul 01, 2001

Pubmed Data : Contraception. 2001 Jul;64(1):51-8. PMID: 11535214
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2001
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Drug-Induced Toxicity
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptives cause evolutionarily novel increases in hormone exposure: A risk factor for breast cancer.Dec 31, 2016

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Evol Med Public Health. 2017 ;2017(1):97-108. Epub 2017 Jun 5. PMID: 28685096
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Progestin in oral contraceptives may cause androgenic side effects.Jan 16, 1995

Pubmed Data : Am J Med. 1995 Jan 16;98(1A):116S-119S. PMID: 7825631
Article Published Date : Jan 16, 1995
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Androgen-Induced Diseases, Drug-Induced Toxicity
Problem Substances : Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives, Progestin
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Androgenic
[+]

The gut microbiome lies at the crossroads of pathways linking exogenous hormone use with innate and adaptive immunity.Feb 29, 2016

Pubmed Data : Drug Saf. 2016 Mar ;39(3):193-7. PMID: 26658991
Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2016
Study Type : Commentary
Additional Links
Diseases : Autoimmune Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Additional Keywords : Microbiome, Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Hormone Replacement Therapy, Oral Contraceptives
[+]

This review has proposed that epigenetic mechanisms are causing persistent changes in gene expression of estrogen receptor beta that contribute to ASD risk in offspring.Nov 30, 2015

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Med Hypotheses. 2015 Dec ;85(6):1006-11. Epub 2015 Sep 6. PMID: 26364046
Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2015
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders
Additional Keywords : Gene Expression, Risk Factors, Transgenerational Epigenetic Modification
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives

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