Oral Contraceptives

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38 Diseases Researched for Oral Contraceptives
NameACCKFocus
Breast Cancer661Locked
Cerebral Ischemia240Locked
Cervical Cancer340Locked
Stroke240Locked
Depression433Locked
Breast Cancer: Prevention330Locked
Breast Cancer: Triple Negative 230Locked
Ulcerative Colitis230Locked
Thrombosis222Locked
Cancer Metastasis220Locked
Cardiovascular Diseases120Locked
Deep Vein Thrombosis120Locked
Folic Acid/Folate Deficiency120Locked
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)220Locked
Hyperhomocysteinemia120Locked
Liver Cancer120Locked
Myocardial Infarction120Locked
Subarachnoid hemorrhage120Locked
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases211Locked
Androgen Deficiency110Locked
BRCA1/BRCA2: Prevalence110Locked
Breast Cancer: BRCA1110Locked
C-Reactive Protein110Locked
Crohn's Disease110Locked
Depression: Postpartum110Locked
Hematologic Diseases110Locked
Hormone Imbalances: High Cortisol110Locked
Hypertension110Locked
Hypoandrogenism110Locked
Inflammation110Locked
Low Testosterone110Locked
Testosterone: Too Low110Locked
Thromboembolism 110Locked
Drug-Induced Toxicity 34Locked
Contraception12Locked
Androgen-Induced Diseases11Locked
Autism Spectrum Disorders11Locked
Autoimmune Diseases11Locked
8 Adverse Pharmacological Actions Researched for Oral Contraceptives
NameACCKFocus
Carcinogenic8102Locked
Cardiotoxic120Locked
Anti-Androgenic110Locked
Endocrine Disruptor110Locked
Hypertensive110Locked
Prothrombic12Locked
Tumorigenic12Locked
Androgenic11Locked
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View the Evidence:
39 Abstracts with Oral Contraceptives Research

[+]

Cervical cancer risk increases in current users of oral contraceptives and declines after use ceases.Nov 10, 2007

Pubmed Data : Lancet. 2007 Nov 10;370(9599):1609-21. PMID: 17993361
Article Published Date : Nov 10, 2007
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Cervical Cancer
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Low-dose oral contraceptive use significantly increases the risk of both cardiac and vascular arterial events events.Jul 01, 2005

Pubmed Data : J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):3863-70. Epub 2005 Apr 6. PMID: 15814774
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2005
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebral Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Cardiotoxic
[+]

Oral contraceptive use increases the risk for premenopausal breast cancer. Oct 01, 2006

Pubmed Data : Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Oct;81(10):1290-302. PMID: 17036554
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2006
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Oral contraceptives have been shown to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aug 01, 1998

Pubmed Data : Neurology. 1998 Aug;51(2):411-8. PMID: 9710012
Article Published Date : Aug 01, 1998
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptives were found to be associated with a reduction in blood folate levels.Apr 30, 2015

Pubmed Data : J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015 May ;37(5):430-8. PMID: 26168104
Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2015
Study Type : Meta Analysis, Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Folic Acid/Folate Deficiency
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Six studies in the medical literature have demonstrated an increased risk for liver cancer between 2- and 20- fold in longer durations of oral contraceptive use.Oct 01, 2007

Pubmed Data : J Hepatol. 2007 Oct;47(4):506-13. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID: 17462781
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2007
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Liver Cancer
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

The risk of ischemic stroke is increased in current oral contraceptive users.Jul 05, 2000

Pubmed Data : JAMA. 2000 Jul 5;284(1):72-8. PMID: 10872016
Article Published Date : Jul 05, 2000
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Cerebral Ischemia, Stroke
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

There is an increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease in oral contraceptive agent users.Nov 01, 1995

Pubmed Data : Gut. 1995 Nov;37(5):668-73. PMID: 8549943
Article Published Date : Nov 01, 1995
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Ulcerative Colitis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

We concluded that OC users, and patients with factor V Leiden, the prothrombin G20 120A mutation, and hyperhomocysteinemia are at a significantly increased risk of cerebral vein thrombosis.Apr 01, 2006

Pubmed Data : Blood. 2006 Apr 1;107(7):2766-73. Epub 2006 Jan 5. PMID: 16397131
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2006
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Diseases : Deep Vein Thrombosis, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Thrombosis
Additional Keywords : Diseases that are Linked
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Women who use oral contraceptives have a greater risk of triple-negative breast cancer compared with women who do not.Jun 30, 2017

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 Jul ;7(1):76-80. Epub 2017 May 12. PMID: 28685080
Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2017
Study Type : Meta Analysis, Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer: Triple Negative
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Among women over age 35 years at diagnosis, compared with never users, those who had used oral contraceptives for 3 or more years during the past 5 years were at a 2.54-fold increased risk of breast cancer.Jul 01, 1998

Pubmed Data : Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998 Jul;50(2):175-84. PMID: 9822222
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1998
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Prevention
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Association between hormonal contraception and injuries induced by human papillomavirus in the uterine cervix.Mar 31, 2018

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018 Apr ;40(4):196-202. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29702717
Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2018
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Contraceptives alter the olfactory experience of women. Feb 28, 2013

Pubmed Data : Horm Behav. 2013 Mar ;63(3):491-6. Epub 2013 Jan 13. PMID: 23321429
Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2013
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Evidence for stress-like alterations in the HPA-axis in women taking oral contraceptives.Oct 25, 2017

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 26 ;7(1):14111. Epub 2017 Oct 26. PMID: 29074884
Article Published Date : Oct 25, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Hormone Imbalances: High Cortisol
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy is associated with 2- to 6- fold increased relative risk of venous thromboembolic events.Oct 11, 2004

Pubmed Data : Arch Intern Med. 2004 Oct 11;164(18):1965-76. PMID: 15477430
Article Published Date : Oct 11, 2004
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives, Progestin
[+]

Hormone therapy containing progestagens is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Sep 01, 2007

Pubmed Data : Curr Opin Hematol. 2007 Sep;14(5):488-93. PMID: 17934355
Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2007
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Thromboembolism
Problem Substances : Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives, Progestin
[+]

Kynurenic acid is reduced in females and oral contraceptive users.Dec 31, 2017

Pubmed Data : Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Jan ;67:59-64. Epub 2017 Sep 1. PMID: 28867283
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : C-Reactive Protein, Depression, Inflammation
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive use results in lower levels of total and free testosterone in women. Dec 01, 1994

Pubmed Data : Contraception. 1994 Dec;50(6):563-79. PMID: 7705098
Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1994
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Low Testosterone, Testosterone: Too Low
Additional Keywords : Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Endocrine Disruptor
[+]

Long-term oral contraceptive use among young women or use beginning near menarche may be associated with a small excess breast cancer risk.Apr 06, 1994

Pubmed Data : J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Apr 6;86(7):505-14. PMID: 8133534
Article Published Date : Apr 06, 1994
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Prevention
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Low dose combined oral contraceptives result in wide fluctations in hemostatic markers in women. Jan 01, 1999

Pubmed Data : Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 1999 Jan;5(1):60-70. PMID: 10725985
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1999
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Hematologic Diseases
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptive agents are associated with an increased risk for the development of irritable bowel disease. Sep 01, 2008

Pubmed Data : Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep;103(9):2394-400. Epub 2008 Aug 5. PMID: 18684177
Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2008
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Ulcerative Colitis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptive use is associated with hypoandrogenism.Mar 01, 1996

Pubmed Data : Contraception. 1996 Mar;53(3):171-6. PMID: 8689882
Article Published Date : Mar 01, 1996
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Androgen Deficiency, Hypoandrogenism
Additional Keywords : Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Androgenic
[+]

Oral contraceptive use is associated with increased breast cancer risk and increased malignancy among young women.Jun 07, 1995

Pubmed Data : J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Jun 7;87(11):827-35. PMID: 7791232
Article Published Date : Jun 07, 1995
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Prevention, Cancer Metastasis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Oral contraceptive use>or =1 year was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk for triple-negative breast cancer.Apr 01, 2009

Pubmed Data : Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Apr;18(4):1157-66. Epub 2009 Mar 31. PMID: 19336554
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2009
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer: Triple Negative , Cancer Metastasis
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic
[+]

Oral contraceptives may induce hypertension in susceptible women.Dec 01, 2008

Pubmed Data : J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2008 Dec;9(4):221-5. PMID: 19126663
Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2008
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Hypertension
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Hypertensive
[+]

Supplementation with vitamin B6 reduces side effects in Cambodian women using oral contraception.Aug 25, 2014

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Nutrients. 2014 Aug 26 ;6(9):3353-62. Epub 2014 Aug 26. PMID: 25163030
Article Published Date : Aug 25, 2014
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Vitamin B-6
Diseases : Depression
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

The onset of BC in this population can be influenced by reproductive factors such as the number of pregnancies and the use of oral contraceptives.Feb 29, 2016

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2016 Mar ;4(2):172-7. Epub 2015 Dec 10. PMID: 27066510
Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2016
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : BRCA1/BRCA2: Prevalence, Breast Cancer: BRCA1
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

The use of contraceptives or an intrauterine device with progestogen might convey risk for postpartum depression.Dec 31, 2017

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Nurs Open. 2018 04 ;5(2):131-138. Epub 2018 Jan 17. PMID: 29599988
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Depression: Postpartum
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

These results suggest depression could be a potential adverse effect of hormonal contraceptive use.Oct 31, 2016

Pubmed Data : JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 1 ;73(11):1154-1162. PMID: 27680324
Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Depression
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

This study suggests a synergic effect of oral contraceptive use, GSTP1 polymorphisms, and HR-HPV infection in the development of cervical lesions.Aug 16, 2017

Pubmed Data : Genet Mol Res. 2017 Aug 17 ;16(3). Epub 2017 Aug 17. PMID: 28829907
Article Published Date : Aug 16, 2017
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Additional Keywords : Genomic Variation, Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral hormonal contraceptives may induce serious mood disturbances.Feb 28, 2014

Pubmed Data : Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014 Mar-Apr;36(2):230.e1-2. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24287129
Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2014
Study Type : Human: Case Report
Additional Links
Diseases : Depression
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Estrogen-progestin releasing intravaginal devices in rabbits create malignant lesions in rabbits.Aug 01, 1987

Pubmed Data : Am J Pathol. 1987 Aug;128(2):315-27. PMID: 3039851
Article Published Date : Aug 01, 1987
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Drug-Induced Toxicity
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel, Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogenic, Tumorigenic
[+]

Oral contraceptive-treated female rats have significantly elevated thrombogenic risk.Apr 05, 1996

Pubmed Data : Atherosclerosis. 1996 Apr 5;121(2):205-16. PMID: 9125295
Article Published Date : Apr 05, 1996
Study Type : Animal Study
Additional Links
Diseases : Contraception, Thrombosis
Problem Substances : Ethinyl Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol plus Lynestrenol, Lynestrenol, Oral Contraceptives
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Prothrombic
[+]

Oral contraceptive discontinuation occurs frequently (up to 50%) due to high rates of side effects.Oct 01, 1992

Pubmed Data : Adv Contracept. 1992 Oct;8 Suppl 1:21-33. PMID: 1442247
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 1992
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptive use is associated with high rates of discontinuation/switching caused by emotional and sexual side effects which have largely been ignored in the research literature.Jul 01, 2001

Pubmed Data : Contraception. 2001 Jul;64(1):51-8. PMID: 11535214
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2001
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Drug-Induced Toxicity
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Oral contraceptives cause evolutionarily novel increases in hormone exposure: A risk factor for breast cancer.Dec 31, 2016

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Evol Med Public Health. 2017 ;2017(1):97-108. Epub 2017 Jun 5. PMID: 28685096
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Breast Cancer
Additional Keywords : Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives
[+]

Progestin in oral contraceptives may cause androgenic side effects.Jan 16, 1995

Pubmed Data : Am J Med. 1995 Jan 16;98(1A):116S-119S. PMID: 7825631
Article Published Date : Jan 16, 1995
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Androgen-Induced Diseases, Drug-Induced Toxicity
Problem Substances : Levonorgestrel, Levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Oral Contraceptives, Progestin
Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Androgenic
[+]

The gut microbiome lies at the crossroads of pathways linking exogenous hormone use with innate and adaptive immunity.Feb 29, 2016

Pubmed Data : Drug Saf. 2016 Mar ;39(3):193-7. PMID: 26658991
Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2016
Study Type : Commentary
Additional Links
Diseases : Autoimmune Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Additional Keywords : Microbiome, Risk Factors
Problem Substances : Hormone Replacement Therapy, Oral Contraceptives
[+]

This review has proposed that epigenetic mechanisms are causing persistent changes in gene expression of estrogen receptor beta that contribute to ASD risk in offspring.Nov 30, 2015

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Med Hypotheses. 2015 Dec ;85(6):1006-11. Epub 2015 Sep 6. PMID: 26364046
Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2015
Study Type : Review
Additional Links
Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders
Additional Keywords : Gene Expression, Risk Factors, Transgenerational Epigenetic Modification
Problem Substances : Oral Contraceptives

Oral Contraceptives Related Articles

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Written by Sayer Ji, Founder
A study from Zheijian Provincial People's Hospital in Zheijiang, China indicates that a compound in turmeric known as curcumin, which gives the spice its characteristic saffron-like color, is capable of inducing cell death within triple negative breast cancer cells
The Surprising Impact of Synthetic vs. Natural Estrogen on Anxiety
Written by GreenMedInfo Research Group
For millions of women, birth control is an essential part of their daily lives, providing them with the freedom to plan their families and careers. However, recent research suggests that the type of estrogen used in hormonal contraceptives may have a significant impact on anxiety levels, raising questions about the potential trade-offs between reproductive autonomy and mental well-being.
That Naughty Little Pill - Birth Control Side Effects
Written by Kelly Brogan, M.D.
"There's a better way" than the one-size-fits-all-cure-all oral contraceptives prescribed by psychiatrists and gynecologists.
Fennel For Painful Periods: A Clinically Proven Drug Alternative
Written by Sayer Ji, Founder
Painful periods afflict 1 in 4 women, and up to 90% of adolescent females. Given the dangers of drug and hormonal treatment, natural alternatives are greatly needed
That Naughty Little Pill: Birth Control Side Effects
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There is simply no free lunch with medication treatment, and a risk/benefit analysis is very difficult to do if we don't know what environmental and genetic risks an individual is bringing to the table
Human Hormones are Being Eclipsed by Synthetic Chemicals
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A new study published in the Journal of Applied Toxicology has raised some disturbing possibilities regarding the dangers of a common preservative found in thousands of consumer products on the market today.
The Dangerous Dichotomy of Birth Control Pills
Written by Holly Grigg-Spall
Blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks: the serious negative side effects of hormonal contraceptives are undeniable.

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