Proton-Pump Inhibitors

Name	AC	CK
Pneumonia	9	101
Magnesium Deficiency	10	88
Clostridium Infections	7	70
Gastroesophageal Reflux	7	61
Dysbiosis	9	58
Myocardial Infarction	4	41
All-Cause Mortality	4	40
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)	4	40
Dementia	3	40
Diarrhea	4	40
Osteoporosis	5	34
Esophageal Cancer	3	30
Gastric Cancer	7	24
Vitamin C Deficiency	2	21
Childhood Infections	2	20
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2	2	20
Drug-Induced Toxicity	2	20
Gastroenteritis	2	20
Hepatic Cirrhosis	2	20
Hepatitis C	2	20
Hip Fracture	2	20
Liver Cirrhosis	2	20
Pancreatic Cancer	1	20
Rheumatoid Arthritis	2	20
Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion: Vitamin B-12	3	14
Bone Fractures	3	12
Colitis	2	12
Colorectal Cancer	2	12
Enterobacteriaceae Infections	2	12
Acid Reflux	2	11
Alzheimer's Disease	2	11
Liver Disease	2	11
Nephritis	2	11
Acid Reflux: In Infants & Children	1	10
Anxiety	1	10
Asthma	1	10
Bone Diseases	1	10
Brain: Oxidative Stress	1	10
Cancers: All	1	10
Carcinoma: Non-Small-Cell Lung	1	10
Cardiac Mortality	1	10
Cholangitis	1	10
Cirrhosis	1	10
Cognitive Decline/Dysfunction	1	10
Constipation	1	10
Coronary Artery Disease	1	10
Coronary Stenting	1	10
Cystic Fibrosis	1	10
Cystic Fibrosis: Infections	1	10
Depression	1	10
Dyspepsia	1	10
Gastroesophageal Reflux: Infant and Children	1	10
Gastrointestinal Cancer	1	10
Hemodialysis	1	10
Hypothyroidism	1	10
Infant Infections	1	10
Infection: In Infants & Children	1	10
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	1	10
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	1	10
Kidney Cancer	1	10
Kidney Damage: Drug-Induced	1	10
Kidney Infection	1	10
Liver Cancer	1	10
Liver Damage	1	10
Lung Cancer	1	10
Memory Disorders: Drug-Induced	1	10
Multiple Myeloma	1	10
Myocardial Infarction: Prevention	1	10
Nephrolithiasis	1	10
Neuroendocrine Tumors	1	10
Overactive Bladder	1	10
Peritonitis: Bacterial	1	10
Respiratory Infections	1	10
Rosacea	1	10
Seizures	1	10
Streptococcus Infections	1	10
Stroke	1	10
Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion: Iron	2	4
Anemia: Hemolytic	1	3
Encephalopathies	1	3
Seizures: Drug-Induced	1	3
Thrombocytopenia	1	3
Animal Diseases: Scrapie	1	2
Prion Diseases	1	2
Scrapie	1	2
Arrhythmias: Drug-Induced	1	1
Fractures: Bone	1	1
Gastrointestinal Infections	1	1
Hearing Loss	1	1
Lupus Erythematosus: Cutaneous	1	1
Mineral Deficiencies	1	1
Myopathies	1	1
Neutropenia: Drug-Induced	1	1
Periodontal Diseases	1	1
Pneumonia: Drug-Induced	1	1
Polymicrobial Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth	1	1
Polymyositis	1	1
Rebound Acid Hypersecretion Syndrome	1	1
Stomach Cancer	1	1
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency	1	1
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance	1	1

Name	AC	CK
Immunosuppressive	4	50
Cardiotoxic	6	42
Gastrotoxic	1	20
Circulating Gastrin and Chromogranin A: Elevated	1	10
Neurotoxic	1	10
Neurotransmitter Interference	1	10
Renotoxic	1	10
Tumor Marker Elevation: Chromogranin	1	10
Carcinogen	1	4
Carcinogenic	1	2

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Exposure to proton pump inhibitors and risk of pancreatic cancer.Jan 10, 2020

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Pubmed Data : Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2020 Jan 11. Epub 2020 Jan 11. PMID: 31928106

Article Published Date : Jan 10, 2020

Study Type : Meta Analysis

Additional Links

Diseases : Pancreatic Cancer

Additional Keywords : Increased Risk

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Proton pump inhibitor use may increase the risk of hypomagnesemia.Dec 31, 2013

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Pubmed Data : PLoS One. 2014 ;9(11):e112558. Epub 2014 Nov 13. PMID: 25394217

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Study Type : Meta Analysis, Review

Additional Links

Substances : Magnesium

Diseases : Magnesium Deficiency

Additional Keywords : Risk Factors

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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This meta-analysesa found a dose-response between the proton pump inhibitors use and development of hypomagnesemia.Oct 31, 2019

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Pubmed Data : Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;23(6):781-92. PMID: 19942153

Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2009

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Hypothyroidism

Problem Substances : Antacids: Aluminium-Containing, Bile Acid Sequestrants, Calcium Carbonate, Ferrous Sulphate, Phosphate Binders, Proton-Pump Inhibitors, Raloxifene, Sucralfate

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Pharmacological Actions : Gastrointestinal Agents, Gastroprotective

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors. Sep 30, 2012

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Pubmed Data : J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct ;46 Suppl:S18-26. PMID: 22955351

Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2012

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Pubmed Data : Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Feb 29. Epub 2016 Feb 29. PMID: 26923470

Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2016

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Clostridium Infections

Additional Keywords : Increased Risk, Microbiome

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Long-term proton pump inhibitors use is associated with risk of bone complications.Feb 28, 2018

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Pubmed Data : Tunis Med. 2018 Mar ;96(3):193-197. PMID: 30325487

Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2018

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Bone Diseases, Osteoporosis

Additional Keywords : Increased Risk

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Long-term use of omeprazole is suggested to induce an oxidative stress condition, which causes neurotoxicity and cognitive decline.Feb 21, 2021

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Pubmed Data : J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 22. Epub 2021 Feb 22. PMID: 33793790

Pubmed Data : Microbiome. 2014 ;2:42. Epub 2014 Nov 25. PMID: 25426290

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Clostridium Infections

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of type 2 diabetes.Apr 15, 2022

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Pubmed Data : J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Apr 16. Epub 2022 Apr 16. PMID: 35428888

Article Published Date : Apr 15, 2022

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2

Additional Keywords : Increased Risk

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Pubmed Data : J Pediatr. 2009 Apr;154(4):514-520.e4. Epub 2008 Dec 3. PMID: 19054529

Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2009

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Gastroesophageal Reflux, Gastroesophageal Reflux: Infant and Children

Additional Keywords : Drugs that are Worse than Placebo

Problem Substances : Lansoprazole

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Proton pump inhibitors increase the severity of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients.Jun 26, 2019

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Pubmed Data : Gastroenterology. 2009 Jul;137(1):80-7, 87.e1. Epub 2009 Apr 10. PMID: 19362552

Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2009

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Acid Reflux, Dyspepsia

Additional Keywords : Drug: Omeprazole

Problem Substances : Omeprazole (trade name Prilosec)

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Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with a broad spectrum of neurological adverse events including impaired hearing, vision, and memory.Nov 20, 2019

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Pubmed Data : Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 21 ;9(1):17280. Epub 2019 Nov 21. PMID: 31754136

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Pubmed Data : BMJ. 2019 05 29 ;365:l1580. Epub 2019 May 29. PMID: 31147311

Article Published Date : Jan 28, 2019

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : All-Cause Mortality, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Gastrointestinal Cancer

Additional Keywords : Risk Factors

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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The association between proton pump inhibitors and myocardial infarction.Jun 30, 2019

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Treatment of functional constipation by Psyllium seed in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease leads to improvement and lessens its recurrence.Dec 31, 2017

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Pubmed Data : J Evid Based Integr Med. 2018 Jan-Dec;23:2515690X18763294. PMID: 29607676

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Substances : Psyllium

Diseases : Constipation, Gastroesophageal Reflux

Additional Keywords : Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs

Problem Substances : Omeprazole (trade name Prilosec)

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Treatment with proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists was associated with increased risk for pneumonia in stroke patients.Dec 31, 2018

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Pubmed Data : J Nephrol. 2016 May 20. Epub 2016 May 20. PMID: 27206762

Article Published Date : May 19, 2016

Study Type : Human: Case Report

Additional Links

Diseases : Magnesium Deficiency

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Proton pump inhibitors induce hemolytic anemia.Mar 31, 2019

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Pubmed Data : J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Apr ;8(4):1486-1487. PMID: 31143745

Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2019

Study Type : Human: Case Report

Additional Links

Diseases : Anemia: Hemolytic

Additional Keywords : Increased Risk

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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This case report describes a case of PPI-induced thrombocytopenia.Dec 31, 2017

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Pubmed Data : Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2018 ;2018:4294805. Epub 2018 Apr 30. PMID: 29854491

Long-term exposure to rats with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole resulted in hypergastrinaemia and gastric cancer.Jan 01, 1986

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Pubmed Data : Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1986;118:31-8. PMID: 3460170

Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1986

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Gastric Cancer

Additional Keywords : Drug: Omeprazole

Problem Substances : Omeprazole (trade name Prilosec), Proton-Pump Inhibitors

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Carcinogen

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Long-term proton pump inhibitor administration caused physiological and microbiota changes in rats.Jan 20, 2020

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Pubmed Data : Presse Med. 2012 Dec 10. Epub 2012 Dec 10. PMID: 23237784

Article Published Date : Dec 09, 2012

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Bone Fractures, Neutropenia: Drug-Induced, Osteoporosis, Stomach Cancer

Problem Substances : Proton-Pump Inhibitors

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Pubmed Data : J Dig Dis. 2022 Mar 31. Epub 2022 Mar 31. PMID: 35357775

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View the Evidence: 128 Abstracts with Proton-Pump Inhibitors Research

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Exposure to proton pump inhibitors and risk of pancreatic cancer.Jan 10, 2020

Proton pump inhibitor use may increase the risk of hypomagnesemia.Dec 31, 2013

This meta-analysesa found a dose-response between the proton pump inhibitors use and development of hypomagnesemia.Oct 31, 2019

This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of dementia.Nov 20, 2019

This study found possible evidence linking proton pump inhibitors use to an increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia.May 20, 2020

A number of commonly used drugs interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine. Dec 01, 2009

An increased risk of pneumonia was observed both immediately before and immediately after PPI initiation.Apr 20, 2022

Association between proton pump inhibitor use and overactive bladder risk in adults.Sep 17, 2024

Association between proton pump inhibitors and asthma: a population-based cohort study.Dec 31, 2019

Association between proton pump inhibitors and severe hematological toxicity in patients receiving pemetrexed-based anticancer treatment.Dec 31, 2021

Association of proton pump inhibitor use with survival and adverse effects outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma.Jan 04, 2024

Children exposed to proton pump inhibitor therapy are at higher risk for the development of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Dec 29, 2009

Chronic PPI use resulted in significant increases in CGA (including the tumor marker chromogranin A) and significant increases in gastrin compared to controls. Mar 28, 2012

Community prescribed ASMs were associated with increased rates of C. difficile and Campylobacter positive gastroenteritis.Jan 04, 2017

Concomitant use of a proton pump inhibitor and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone was associated with a higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year after coronary stent placement.Aug 01, 2010

Current use of gastric acid-suppressive therapy was associated with an increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia.Oct 27, 2004

Deleterious effect of proton pump inhibitors on the disease course of cirrhosis.Aug 26, 2019

Drug use is associated with lower plasma magnesium levels in geriatric outpatients.Dec 05, 2018

Exposure to Proton pump inhibitors is associated with higher numbers of hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis patients.Sep 30, 2017

Hypomagnesemia and hypocitraturia associated with PPI exposure may contribute to kidney stone risk. May 01, 2022

In addition to ipilimumab use, chronic use of PPIs may be associated with ICI colitis in patients with mRCC.Jan 31, 2022

Lactobacillus paracasei F19 supplementation prevents bowel symptom onset in patients on long-term proton pump inhibitors.Mar 31, 2015

Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors. Sep 30, 2012

Long term use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the absence of other risk factors.Dec 31, 2017

Long-term PPI was significantly associated with osteoporosis.May 01, 2022

Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.Dec 27, 2006

Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy leads to small bowel bacterial overgrowth.Nov 27, 2017

Long-term Proton pump inhibitor use has an effect on the gut microbiome.Feb 28, 2016

Long-term proton pump inhibitors use is associated with risk of bone complications.Feb 28, 2018

Long-term use of omeprazole is suggested to induce an oxidative stress condition, which causes neurotoxicity and cognitive decline.Feb 21, 2021

Medically treated patients with mild or absent GERD symptoms have significantly higher odds of adenocarcinogenesis compared with medically treated patients with severe GERD symptoms.Jul 01, 2011

Omeprazole has been linked to interstitial nephritis.May 01, 2010

Omeprazole treatment have caused considerable changes in stool culture results.Feb 28, 2017

Over-use of proton pump inhibitors may be fuelling the current epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea.Sep 01, 2008

Patients in hospital who received proton pump inhibitors were at increased risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea.Jul 06, 2004

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis found a significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors.Dec 31, 2017

Prolonged acid suppression therapy with PPIs or H2 blockers may result in serum vitamin B12 deficiency.Oct 20, 2020

Prolonged proton pump inhibitors use was associated with an increased risk of rosacea.Jun 30, 2020

Prolonged use of a proton pump inhibitor reduces microbial diversity: implications for Clostridium difficile susceptibility.Dec 31, 2013

Prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of type 2 diabetes.Apr 15, 2022

Proton pump inhibitor alters oral microbiome in gastrointestinal tract of healthy volunteers.Nov 03, 2017

Proton pump inhibitor therapy may increased the risk of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.May 01, 2007

Proton pump inhibitor treatment is associated with the severity of liver disease and increased mortality in patients with cirrhosis.Dec 18, 2014

Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of depression and anxiety in children.Jan 10, 2022

Proton pump inhibitor use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation in liver cirrhosis.Sep 06, 2019

Proton pump inhibitor use represents an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction.Nov 14, 2014

Proton pump inhibitor use was associated with an increased risk of cholangitis.Aug 24, 2019

Proton pump inhibitor use was associated with an increased risk of gastric and oesophageal cancer.Aug 20, 2019

Proton pump inhibitors and risk of calcium pyrophosphate deposition in a population-based study.Mar 03, 2022

Proton pump inhibitors are associated with accelerated development of cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C infection.Nov 02, 2017

Proton pump inhibitors are not superior to placebo and increase the risk of respiratory tract infections in infants with symptoms of GERD.Apr 01, 2009

Proton pump inhibitors increase the severity of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients.Jun 26, 2019

Proton pump inhibitors prescription was associated with greater risk of pneumonia in the second year of treatment.Apr 19, 2018

Proton pump inhibitors reduce the bioavailability of dietary vitamin C.Sep 15, 2005

Proton pump inhibitors reduce the survival of advanced lung cancer patients with therapy of gefitinib or erlotinib.Apr 28, 2022

Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients.Nov 26, 2018

Proton pump inhibitors use is associated with a higher risk of incident chronic kidney disease.Dec 31, 2017

Proton pump inhibitors use is significantly associated with an increased risk of hip fracture development.Dec 11, 2018

Proton pump inhibitors use was associated with an increased risk of developing clostridium difficile infection.Jun 10, 2019

Proton pump inhibitors use was associated with progression to major adverse renal events in patients with chronic kidney disease.Jun 27, 2019

Proton pump inhibitors were associated with a modestly increased risk of IBD-related hospitalization or surgery.Mar 13, 2017

Proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of therapy, indicating the drug causes rebound acid hypersecretion (RAHS).Jul 01, 2009

Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with a broad spectrum of neurological adverse events including impaired hearing, vision, and memory.Nov 20, 2019

Proton-pump inhibitors are associated with a high false-positivity rate in faecal immunochemical testing.Nov 06, 2020

Regular use of proton pump inhibitors was associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women.Jul 31, 2020

Relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and hypomagnesemia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Dec 31, 2021

Residents who use proton pump inhibitor may be at increased risk of infection-related hospitalizations, particularly respiratory infections.Sep 03, 2019

Severe hypomagnesaemia and subsequent seizure has been reported in long-term users of proton-pump inhibitors.Aug 01, 2008

Spirulina might be useful to relieve dyspeptic symptoms after proton pump inhibitor discontinuation.Feb 08, 2024

Symptomatic hypomagnesemia and proton pump inhibitors.Oct 31, 2014

Taking proton pump inhibitors is associated with a small excess of cause specific mortality.Jan 28, 2019

Proton-Pump Inhibitors

View the Evidence:
128 Abstracts with Proton-Pump Inhibitors Research