Thimerosal

Name	AC	CK
Autism Spectrum Disorders	41	216
Neurodevelopmental Disorders	25	207
Vaccine-induced Toxicity	27	129
Autism	17	113
Mercury Poisoning	26	84
Tic Disorders	5	71
Attention Deficit Disorder	4	51
Learning disorders	3	42
Mental Retardation	3	40
Oxidative Stress	13	40
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity	4	31
Speech Disorders	2	30
DNA damage	8	28
Developmental Disorder: Children	4	23
Childhood Chemical Exposures	1	20
Cognitive Decline/Dysfunction	1	20
Emotional Disorders	1	20
Fibromyalgia	2	20
Infant Neurological Development	2	20
Infantile Spasms	1	20
Seizures	1	20
Sexual Development: Dysfunctions and Abnormalities	1	20
Autoimmune Diseases	6	17
Mitochondrial Dysfunction	2	15
Infant Chemical Exposures	2	12
Kawasaki Disease	3	12
Ataxia: Cerebellar	1	10
Atopic Dermatitis	1	10
Atopic Disease	1	10
Atopic Hypersensitivity	1	10
Detoxification: Impaired	1	10
Hypersensitivity	1	10
Neurological Damage	1	10
Obesity	1	10
Personality Disorder: Borderline	1	10
Neurodegenerative Diseases	4	8
Prenatal Chemical Exposures	3	6
Alzheimer's Disease	1	5
Eye Damage	1	5
Kidney Damage: Chemically-Induced	2	4
Aluminum Toxicity	2	3
Asthma	1	3
Deafness: Sudden	1	3
Dermatitis	1	3
Excitotoxicity	2	3
Formaldehyde Toxicity	1	3
Inflammation	2	3
Lichen Planus	1	3
Myelodysplastic Syndrome	1	3
Amygdala: Damage/Abnormalities	1	2
Brain Inflammation	1	2
Chemically-Induced Liver Damage	1	2
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)	1	2
Neurotoxicity	2	2
Cardiovascular Disease	1	1
Down Syndrome	1	1
Endothelial Damage	1	1
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	1	1
Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Toxicity	1	1
Immune Disorders: Low Immune Function	1	1
Lipid Peroxidation	1	1
Multiple Sclerosis	1	1
New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	1	1
vaccine injury	1	1

Name	AC	CK
Neurotoxic	48	246
Apoptotic	12	34
Genotoxic	6	30
Endocrine Disruptor	1	20
Oxidant	8	20
Glutathione Down-Regulation	4	16
Immunotoxic	4	13
Cytotoxic	4	12
Obesogenic	1	10
Immunoreactive	4	6
Necrotic	1	5
Inflammatory	2	4
Renotoxic	3	4
Bioaccumulator	1	2
Excitotoxic	2	2
Nephrotoxic	1	2
Cardiotoxic	1	1
Cytotoxicity	1	1
Hypermethylation	1	1

Thimersol exposure is associated with tics and delayed language acquisition in infants.Nov 01, 2003

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Pubmed Data : Pediatrics. 2003 Nov;112(5):1039-48. PMID: 14595043

Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2003

Study Type : Meta Analysis

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Diseases : Learning disorders, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Tic Disorders

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic

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This meta-analysis suggests no link between vaccines and autism but only investigates 10 collective studies (six of which have blatant conflicts of interest, one was authored by a now CDC employee), one vaccine ingredient, and one vaccine (MMR).Jun 17, 2014

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Pubmed Data : Vaccine. 2014 Jun 17 ;32(29):3623-9. Epub 2014 May 9. PMID: 24814559

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Pubmed Data : Int J Toxicol. 2004 Nov-Dec;23(6):369-76. PMID: 15764492

Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2004

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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In this reanalysis data shows that a statistically significant link appears between blood mercury levels and autistic disorder in children.Oct 31, 2007

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Pubmed Data : J Child Neurol. 2007 Nov ;22(11):1308-11. PMID: 18006963

Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2007

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders

Additional Keywords : Elevated Hg Body Burden

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

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Increased organic mercury exposure from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines could lead to an increased risk of obesity diagnosis.Jun 30, 2016

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Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : N Am J Med Sci. 2016 Jul ;8(7):297-306. PMID: 27583238

Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2016

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Obesity

Additional Keywords : Risk Factors

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: Hepatitis B

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Obesogenic

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Increasing organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing vaccines increased the subsequent risk of pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis.Jan 31, 2015

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Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

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Pubmed Data : Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Sep ;11(9):9156-70. Epub 2014 Sep 5. PMID: 25198681

Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2014

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : Transl Neurodegener. 2013 ;2(1):25. Epub 2013 Dec 19. PMID: 24354891

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Mercury Poisoning, Vaccine-induced Toxicity

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: All

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

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These results demonstrate that thimerosal can induce blood and organ levels of organic mercury which are well in excess of the minimum toxic level in adults and fetuses.Dec 01, 1977

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Pubmed Data : Arch Dis Child. 1977 Dec ;52(12):962-4. PMID: 606172

Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1977

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Mercury Poisoning

Additional Keywords : Vaccine Research

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

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These results support the hypothesis that Hg sensitivity may be a heritable/genetic risk factor for autism spectrum disorders.Dec 31, 2010

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Pubmed Data : J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011 ;74(18):1185-94. PMID: 21797771

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2010

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Pubmed Data : Interdiscip Toxicol. 2015 Jun ;8(2):68-76. PMID: 27486363

Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2015

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Pubmed Data : J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2015 Jul 9. Epub 2015 Jul 9. PMID: 26166425

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Pubmed Data : Int J Toxicol. 2003 Jul-Aug;22(4):277-85. PMID: 12933322

Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2003

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders, Detoxification: Impaired

Additional Keywords : Ethylmercury, Methylmercury

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

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This study supports an association between increasing exposure from thimerosal containing childhood vaccines and the subsequent risk of specific delays in development among males and females.Sep 30, 2014

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Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : N Am J Med Sci. 2014 Oct ;6(10):519-31. PMID: 25489565

Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Autoimmune Diseases, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: Hepatitis B

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Vaccines with Thimerosal led to more adverse events in this study. Dec 31, 2014

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Pubmed Data : Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 Jan ;34(1):79-83. PMID: 25036048

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Study Type : Human Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Vaccine-induced Toxicity

Additional Keywords : Risk Factors

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: Hepatitis B

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Pubmed Data : Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Jun ;22(4):927-34. Epub 2008 Feb 1. PMID: 18321677

Article Published Date : May 31, 2008

Study Type : Human In Vitro

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Genotoxic

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Effects of treadmill exercise on the expression level of BAX, BAD, BCL-2, BCL-XL, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the hippocampus of thimerosal-treated rats.Jul 31, 2021

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Pubmed Data : Neurotox Res. 2021 Aug ;39(4):1274-1284. Epub 2021 May 3. PMID: 33939098

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Pubmed Data : J Hazard Mater. 2024 Oct 5 ;478:135548. Epub 2024 Aug 15. PMID: 39154483

Pubmed Data : Brain Res. 2009 Dec 8;1301:143-51. Epub 2009 Sep 9. PMID: 19747466

Article Published Date : Dec 08, 2009

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Neonatal exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccines might induce excitotoxic brain injuries, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. DHEA may protect against mercury-induced neurotoxicity. Oct 21, 2011

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Pubmed Data : Neurochem Res. 2011 Oct 21. Epub 2011 Oct 21. PMID: 22015977

Article Published Date : Oct 21, 2011

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Substances : DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)

Diseases : Excitotoxicity , Mercury Poisoning, Vaccine-induced Toxicity

Pharmacological Actions : Neuroprotective Agents

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic

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Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination may have adverse implications for brain development and cognition.Sep 30, 2018

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Pubmed Data : Cytokine. 2018 Oct ;110:137-149. Epub 2018 May 9. PMID: 29751176

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Pubmed Data : Environ Res. 2014 Oct ;134:218-27. Epub 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25173055

Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Renotoxic

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There are lasting neuropathological changes in rat brain after intermittent neonatal administration of thimerosal.Jan 01, 2010

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Pubmed Data : Folia Neuropathol. 2010 ;48(4):258-69. PMID: 21225508

Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2010

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Infant Chemical Exposures, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Vaccine-induced Toxicity

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic

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These findings implicate a genetic influence in autistic disorders and provides a model for investigating thimerosal related neurotoxicity.Aug 31, 2004

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Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Sep ;9(9):833-45. PMID: 15184908

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Pubmed Data : PLoS One. 2014 ;9(4):e92705. Epub 2014 Apr 1. PMID: 24690681

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Study Type : Animal Study, In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Vaccine-induced Toxicity

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: Influenza

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Apoptotic, Immunotoxic

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Thimerosal has an inflammatory effect in non-sensitized animals and may augment the side effects of vaccination.Jul 01, 1994

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Pubmed Data : Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994 Jul ;104(3):296-301. PMID: 7518269

Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1994

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Pubmed Data : Behav Brain Res. 2011 Sep 30 ;223(1):107-18. Epub 2011 Apr 28. PMID: 21549155

Article Published Date : Sep 29, 2011

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Vitamin C ameliorated the adverse effect of thimerosal on the cerebral cortex in Wistar albino rats.Feb 26, 2024

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Pubmed Data : ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 27 ;9(8):8973-8984. Epub 2024 Feb 16. PMID: 38434836

Article Published Date : Feb 26, 2024

Study Type : Animal Study

Additional Links

Substances : Vitamin C

Pharmacological Actions : Neuroprotective Agents

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic

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Coinciding with the largest increase of thimerosal in vaccines given to infants in America, the rates of Kawasaki's Disease increased.Dec 31, 2007

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Pubmed Data : Curr Med Chem. 2008 ;15(28):3000-10. PMID: 19075648

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Pubmed Data : Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2014 ;229:1-18. PMID: 24515807

Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2014

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Lipid Peroxidation, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: All

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Glutathione Down-Regulation

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Mercury is able to trigger a pathogenic process which results in autoimmunity and coronary artery lesions as observed in Kawasaki syndrome.Aug 31, 2013

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Pubmed Data : Korean Circ J. 2013 Sep ;43(9):581-91. PMID: 24174958

Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2013

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Autoimmune Diseases, Kawasaki Disease

Additional Keywords : Risk Factors

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Immunoreactive

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Click here to read the entire abstract

Pubmed Data : Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005 Oct ;26(5):439-46. PMID: 16264412

Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2005

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders, Inflammation

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and mercury reveals conflicts of interest and the need for transparency in autism research.Nov 07, 2017

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Pubmed Data : Sci Eng Ethics. 2017 Nov 8. Epub 2017 Nov 8. PMID: 29119411

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Pubmed Data : Toxicol In Vitro. 2004 Oct ;18(5):563-9. PMID: 15251173

Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2004

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Diseases : Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Toxicity, Oxidative Stress

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Apoptotic

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The discrepancy in studies reporting no relationship between Hg and ASD suggests a bias indicative of a conflict of interest.Oct 26, 2015

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Pubmed Data : Sci Eng Ethics. 2015 Oct 27. Epub 2015 Oct 27. PMID: 26507205

Article Published Date : Oct 26, 2015

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders

Additional Keywords : Conflict Of Interest (COI)

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

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The Druckrey-Küpfmüller equation describes well the dose-response characteristics of organic mercury induced neurotoxic effects.Mar 01, 2016

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Pubmed Data : Toxicology. 2016 Mar 2. Epub 2016 Mar 2. PMID: 26945727

Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2016

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Additional Keywords : Dose Response

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic

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The FDA announced in 1999 that infants who had multiple vaccines with thimerosal may have been exposed to cumulative Hg in excess of federal safety guidelines.Sep 30, 2001

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Pubmed Data : Neurotoxicology. 2001 Oct ;22(5):691-7. PMID: 11770890

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Pubmed Data : J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 Sep ;37:8-24. Epub 2016 Jun 2. PMID: 27473827

Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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The putative role of environmental mercury in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders and subtypes.May 31, 2018

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Pubmed Data : Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Jun ;55(6):4834-4856. Epub 2017 Jul 22. PMID: 28733900

Article Published Date : May 31, 2018

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders

Additional Keywords : Ethylmercury

Anti Therapeutic Actions : Vaccination: All

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

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The reduction of MT-1 mRNA level by thiosalicylate may affect the proliferation of C8-B4 cells.Jun 29, 2009

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Pubmed Data : Toxicology. 2009 Jun 30 ;261(1-2):25-32. Epub 2009 Apr 19. PMID: 19386279

Article Published Date : Jun 29, 2009

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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The results of this study suggest that ethylmercury is a mitochondrial toxin in human astrocytes. Dec 31, 2011

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Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : J Toxicol. 2012 ;2012:373678. Epub 2012 Jun 28. PMID: 22811707

Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : Mol Psychiatry. 2002 ;7 Suppl 2:S40-1. PMID: 12142946

Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2001

Study Type : Review

Additional Links

Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders, Developmental Disorder: Children, Mercury Poisoning, Neurotoxicity

Additional Keywords : Ethylmercury, Methylmercury

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Thimerosal at 30 microM induced an apoptotic change in membranes of almost all living cells. Feb 28, 2005

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Pubmed Data : Toxicol In Vitro. 2005 Mar ;19(2):191-8. PMID: 15649632

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Thimerosal induces S phase arrest and causes apoptosis in C2C12 myoblast cells.Dec 31, 2011

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Pubmed Data : Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Dec 16 ;1593(1):9-15. PMID: 12431779

Article Published Date : Dec 15, 2002

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Oxidant

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Thimerosal stimulates oxidative stress that induces an increase in intracellular zinc content.Sep 01, 2009

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Pubmed Data : Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Sep ;23(6):1092-9. Epub 2009 Jun 2. PMID: 19497362

Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2009

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Substances : Zinc

Diseases : Oxidative Stress

Additional Keywords : Vaccine Research

Problem Substances : Mercury, Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Oxidant

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Thiol reagent thimerosal-induced Ca2+ mobilization in isolated guinea pig cochlear outer hair cells.May 31, 2000

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Pubmed Data : Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 2000 Jun ;35(3):192-5. PMID: 12768775

Article Published Date : May 31, 2000

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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Thiomersal and ethylmercury could significantly inhibit the thioredoxin system in vitro. Jul 31, 2015

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Pubmed Data : Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2015 Aug 1 ;286(3):216-23. Epub 2015 May 14. PMID: 25981166

Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2015

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Additional Keywords : Ethylmercury

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

Adverse Pharmacological Actions : Neurotoxic

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This article explores the issues and concludes that sensory dysfunction and systemic failure, manifested as autism as a consequence from the overuse of vaccines.Jun 30, 2009

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Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.

Pubmed Data : N Am J Med Sci. 2009 Jul ;1(2):28-47. PMID: 22666668

Pubmed Data : Mol Reprod Dev. 2003 Aug ;65(4):454-61. PMID: 12840819

Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2003

Study Type : In Vitro Study

Additional Links

Problem Substances : Thimerosal

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As thimerosal was removed from childhood vaccines, the number of neurodevelopmental disorders decreased in the US.Jun 01, 2006

Exposure to mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines was associcated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems in infants from 1992-1997.Apr 01, 2005

Rates of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities were higher in children exposured to higher thimerosal levels.Aug 01, 2006

Thimerosal exposure is associated with increasing trends of premature puberty in 278,624 subjects from 1990-1996.Apr 01, 2010

Thimersol exposure in infants is associated with an increase risk for tics. Sep 01, 2004

Thimersol exposure in infants significantly increases neurodevelopment disorders in infants, e.g. autism, autism spectrum disorders, tics, attention deficit disorder, and emotional disturbances.Aug 15, 2008

Thimersol exposure is associated with tics and delayed language acquisition in infants.Nov 01, 2003

This meta-analysis suggests no link between vaccines and autism but only investigates 10 collective studies (six of which have blatant conflicts of interest, one was authored by a now CDC employee), one vaccine ingredient, and one vaccine (MMR).Jun 17, 2014

2001: Depending on the immunization schedule, vaccine formulation, and infant weight, cumulative exposure of infants to mercury from thimerosal during the first 6 months of life may exceed EPA guidelines.May 01, 2001

A meta-analysis reveals that thimerosal containing vaccines significantly increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.Aug 01, 2006

A subpopulation of eight individuals from four of the families showed thimerosal hypersensitivity.Dec 31, 2012

Administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines in the United States resulted in a significant number of children developing neurodevelopmental disorders.Nov 01, 2004

Boys vaccinated as neonates had threefold greater odds for autism diagnosis compared to boys never vaccinated or vaccinated after the first month of life. Dec 31, 2009

Children with autism were twice as likely as non-autistic controls to be born from mothers who had Rh incompatibilities with the developing fetus during pregnancy. Apr 30, 2007

Coinciding with the largest increase of thimerosal in vaccines given to infants in America, the rates of Kawasaki's Disease increased.Dec 31, 2007

Cultured lymphocytes from autistic children and non-autistic siblings up-regulate heat shock protein RNA in response to thimerosal challenge.Aug 31, 2006

High exposure to ethylmercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines in the first month of life increases the risk of subsequent development of neurologic development impairment.Dec 31, 1969

In infancy, exposures to aluminum and thimerosal binary mixtures is associated with increased risk of tics and other developmental disorders.Dec 01, 2019

In this reanalysis data shows that a statistically significant link appears between blood mercury levels and autistic disorder in children.Oct 31, 2007

Increased organic mercury exposure from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines could lead to an increased risk of obesity diagnosis.Jun 30, 2016

Increasing organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing vaccines increased the subsequent risk of pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis.Jan 31, 2015

Mercury exposure from thimerosal containing childhood vaccines raised the subsequent risk of atypical autism diagnosis.Jun 30, 2017

Mercury exposure from thimerosal containing childhood vaccines raised the subsequent risk of diagnosis of emotional disturbances.Jan 18, 2017

Mercury exposure from thimerosal is significantly associated with the ACSDs of ASD, TD, and ADD/ADHD.Dec 31, 2016

Mercury levels are 1.9 times higher in subjects diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.Jan 01, 2010

Metal-induced inflammation might be an important risk factor in a subset of patients with fibromyalgia.Jan 01, 2013

Metal-induced inflammation might be an important risk factor in a subset of patients with fibromyalgia.Jan 01, 2013

Mothers receiving thimerosal via Rho(D) immune globulin injection saw a significantly higher rate of autism in the children exposed to mercury in utero. Mar 31, 2008

Organic-Hg exposure from thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine led to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis.Aug 31, 2014

The occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders following thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines does not appear to be coincidental.Mar 31, 2003

There is an association between neurodevelopmental disorders and thimerosal-containing vaccines.Jun 01, 2003

There is evidence supporting an association between increasing organic-Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines and the subsequent risk of an ASD. Dec 31, 2012

These results demonstrate that thimerosal can induce blood and organ levels of organic mercury which are well in excess of the minimum toxic level in adults and fetuses.Dec 01, 1977

These results support the hypothesis that Hg sensitivity may be a heritable/genetic risk factor for autism spectrum disorders.Dec 31, 2010

Thimerosal containing vaccines may cause atopy in children. Feb 01, 1999

Thimerosal induces morphological changes in erythrocytes in vitro.Jan 12, 2016

This study associates increasing organic mercury exposure from thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines and the subsequent risk of a tic disorder diagnosis.Jun 01, 2015

This study found a significant increase in neurodevelopmental delays related to the combined exposure to methylmercury and ethylmercury.Jan 06, 2016

This study found a small, but statistically significant association between early thimerosal exposure and the presence of tics in boys.Jan 01, 2012

This study provides new evidence to confirm a significant relationship between exposure to thimerosal and increased diagnosis for delays in development.Jul 08, 2015

This study provides suggestive evidence of an association between thimerosal and neurodevelopmental outcomes.Mar 13, 2018

This study reveals that the risk of autism significantly decreased with reductions in mercury exposure from thimerosal containing childhood vaccines.Dec 28, 2016

This study shows that autistic children had significantly reduced excretion levels of mercury via hair than the control group. Jun 30, 2003

This study supports an association between increasing exposure from thimerosal containing childhood vaccines and the subsequent risk of specific delays in development among males and females.Sep 30, 2014

Vaccines with Thimerosal led to more adverse events in this study. Dec 31, 2014

All the preservatives used in this in vitro study caused some degree of ocular tissue damage.Apr 01, 2009

An alternatively spliced form of methionine synthase expressed in human neuronal cells is sensitive to inhibition by thimerosal and lower GSH levels contribute to their inhibitory action.Jan 01, 2016

Autism lymphoblastoid cells exhibit a reduced glutathione reserve capacity in both cytosol and mitochondria that may compromise antioxidant defense and detoxification capacity under prooxidant conditions, as induced by thimerosal.Aug 01, 2009

Findings suggest that the epidemiological link between environmental mercury exposure and an increased risk of developing autism may be mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction.Dec 31, 2014

Mercury is genotoxic to astrocytes even at nanomolar, sub-cytotoxic concentrations.Mar 01, 2014

These data raises some concern on the widespread use of thimerosal.Dec 31, 2002

These results alert about the ex-vivo immunomodulatory effects of thimerosal on dendritic cells.Dec 31, 2013

These results indicate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of thimerosal in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.May 31, 2008

Thimerosal at low nanomolar concentrations was able to induce significant cellular toxicity in human neuron and fetal cells.May 31, 2009

Thimerosal can induce DNA damage in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Hyaluronic acid is protective against thimerosal-induced damage.Oct 01, 2012

Thimerosal dose-dependently inhibits ER aminopeptidase 1, an important enzyme for the human adaptive immune response.Jul 14, 2016

Thimerosal impacts nerve growth factor signaling at levels lower than those responsible for cell death.Jul 01, 2005

Thimerosal induces antiproliferative properties, apoptosis, and autophagy activation in human Chang conjunctival cells.Jan 31, 2014

Thimerosal induces DNA strand breaks, downregulates glutathione, and stimulates apoptosis in vitro.Feb 01, 2008

Thimerosal stimulates apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells via a neurotoxic mechanism.Jul 01, 2006

Thimerosal-induced epithelial cytotoxicity is mediated by oxidative stress.Sep 01, 2006

This study reveals a similar activity of both ethylmercury and methylmercury. An ethylmercury-glutathione adduct was also identified, suggesting ethylmercury may impair glutathione activity.Apr 01, 2014

Toxicity of thimerosal in biological systems: Conformational changes in human hemoglobin, decrease of oxygen binding capacity, increase of protein glycation and amyloid's formation.Jun 30, 2020

Various forms of mercury, including thimerosal, are cytotoxic and apoptotic in vitro.Feb 28, 2007

A case of hypersensitivity reaction, myelodysplastic syndrome and pancytopenia, which developed after an thimerosal-containing tetanus vaccine.Nov 30, 2007

A case report of bilateral deafness two days following influenza vaccination.Aug 16, 2018

A series of case studies demonstrate that thimerosal exposure is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders.May 15, 2007

Neomycin, aluminum, and thimerosal can trigger allergic reactions to vaccines.Mar 01, 1988

Systemic allergic contact dermatitis after formaldehyde-containing influenza vaccination.Aug 31, 2015

Thimerosal toxicity can lead to total limbal stem cell failure with secondary corneal vascularization and opacification.Jun 30, 2007

This is a case study of a patient who developed a maculopapular rash following thimerosal-containing vaccine administration due to allergy.Jan 01, 2005

Thimerosal

View the Evidence:
199 Abstracts with Thimerosal Research